By understanding the effects of different ingredients, you can better compare pet food brands and choose the best pet food for your dog.
A
a-Tocopherol
a-Tocopherol is anthor name for Vitamin E.
Alfalfa Meal (sun-cured)
Alfalfa is a member of the legume (bean) family. Alfalfa meal is the above ground portion of the alfalfa plant, which has been cut and dried naturally in the sun. It is then finely ground into a meal. Alfalfa is known for its excellent source of phytochemicals and phytoestrogens and their antioxidant effects may support the immune system. Alfalfa is also a good source of vitamin C, folate, vitamin A, vitamin K, niacin and pantothenic acid, calcium and iron.
Alfalfa Sprouts
Alfalfa sprouts are the young tender shoots of the alfalfa plant, a legume. They are rich in phyto-estrogens and they are a wholesome source of protein, vitamin A, vitamin K, thiamin, calcium and iron. They also provide a healthy dose of fiber, vitamin C, vitamin K, riboflavin, folate, magnesium, phosphorus, zinc, copper, manganese, calcium and iron.
Almond Oil
The almond is a small deciduous tree belonging to the subfamily Prunoideae. An almond is also the fruit of this tree. Almond oil is an oil obtained by pressing sweet almonds.
Amaranth
Amaranth – also called Amaranthus or pigweed – is the collective name for a variety of ancient herbs or flowering plants. It is not a true grain, although the seeds of the amaranth plant are often referred to as a pseudo-grain. Amaranth is a good source of vitamins including vitamin A, vitamin B6, vitamin C, riboflavin, and folate, as well as dietary minerals including calcium, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, copper, and manganese. Amaranth is gluten-free.
Amino Acids
Every protein found in food or in the body is composed of a series of molecules called amino acids. Amino acids are absorbed during protein digestion, and then re-used to build muscle and perform other critical bodily functions. By rotating between protein sources, your pet will ingest a wider array of amino acids, the benefit of which is a long, happy life.
Anchovy meal is the clean, rendered (cooked down), dried ground tissue of undecomposed whole anchovy fish or anchovy fish cuttings, either or both, with or without the extraction of part of the oil.
Animal digest is a material which results from chemical and/or enzymatic hydrolysis of clean and undecomposed animal tissue. The animal tissues used shall be exclusive of hair, horns, teeth, hooves and feathers, except in such trace amounts as might occur unavoidably in good factory practice and shall be suitable for animal feed. If it bears a name descriptive of its kind or flavor(s), it must correspond thereto.
Animal fat is obtained from the tissues of mammals and/or poultry in the commercial process of rendering or extracting.
Apple Cider Vinegar
Apple cider vinegar is made from cider or apple must (must is freshly pressed juice, that also contains pulp, skins, stems, and seeds). Apple cider vinegar helps to maintain proper acid/alkaline balance in the body.
Apple pomace is the sound, dried reside obtained by the removal of cider from apples. It has low nutritional value, and is mainly used as an inexpensive source of fiber.
Apples
The apple is the pomaceous fruit of the apple tree, and is rich in Vitamin C as well as a host of other unique antioxidant and botanical compounds such as flavenoids. Apples provide both soluble (pectin) and insoluble fiber, some vitamin C, beta carotene, potassium and boron.
Arachidonic acid is an essential unsaturated fatty acid necessary for normal metabolism. Arachidonic acid plays a vital role in the structures of cell membranes. Arachidonic acid stimulates growth, helps maintain healthy skin and hair, and affects the development of the nervous system, including the brain.
Cats vs Dogs: This fatty acid can be synthesized by dogs if sufficient linoleic acid is in the diet, but cats cannot synthesize it and must therefore consume animal fats which contain arachidonic acid.
Argenine
Promotes growth, muscle building and healing as well as fat burning. Known to be an immune booster and cancer fighter.
Artichokes
The artichoke is a perennial thistle originating in southern Europe around the Mediterranean. Artichokes provide many important minerals, including magnesium, chromium, manganese, potassium, phosphorus, iron and calcium. They are also a good source of fiber, vitamin C, and folate.
Artificial flavors and colors are humanly-contrived additives, used to enhance a product and to appeal to the human eye.
Artificial flavors and colors don't belong in dog and cat food. These ingredients have no nutritional value, and make the product appear better than it actually is.
Ascorbic Acid
Ascorbic Acid is also known as the nutrient Vitamin C. Vitamin C is a highly effective antioxidant that helps maintain a robust immune system, may support wound repair, and facilitates nutrient metabolism. While dogs and cats can manufacture their own vitamin C, inclusion in the diet is beneficial especially during times of stress (gestation, lactation, weaning, travel,), illness, or old age. Green vegetables, citrus, and tomatoes are great natural sources. Excess is excreted in the urine and not stored in the body.
Ash
Ash is the inorganic (non-carbon) mineral portion of any substance. When referring to dog and cat food, "ash content" is the mineral matter, such as magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, iron, and copper.
Avocado oil is the oil obtained through heat or mechanical extraction from the avocado fruit.
B
Bacon
A cut of meat taken from a pig that has been cured, smoked, or both, often used for flavor.
Bacteria Cultures
Lactobacillus Acidophilus, Bacillus Subtilis, Bifidobacterium Thermophilum, Bifidobacterium Longum and Enterococcus Faecium are active dehydrated cultures added to dog and cat foods after processing. They are activated on ingesting the food and help to maintain normal bacteria balance in the lower intestine. They aid in digestion and reduce the occurrence of diarrhea, contributing to colon and rectum health.
Baking powder is a commercial product used to leaven baked goods. It consists of three ingredients: baking soda, an acid and a starch. It is used in a variety of baked goods to create an expansion of the dough.
Bananas are an elongated, usually tapering tropical fruit with soft pulpy flesh enclosed in a soft, usually yellow rind. Bananas are a rich source of carbohydrates, potassium, magnesium and many vitamins.
Barley
Barley is a hearty cereal grain, and is a member of the grass family Poaceae. Whole barley is a nutritionally intact whole grain, and is rich in dietary fiber, antioxidants, dietary minerals (including magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, and selenium), and vitamins (including niacin, vitamin B6, and vitamin E). Barley is a quality grain source and minimizes allergic reactions typically associated with corn or wheat.
Barley flour consists principally of the soft, finely ground and bolted meal obtained from milling barley and consists essentially of the starch and gluten of the endosperm.
Barley Grass
A good source of chlorophyll, fiber and phytochemicals. It has been known to be beneficial in the treatment of arthritis, diabetes, kidney, liver disease, and cancer.
Barley Malt is the product obtained when whole grain barley is steamed or soaked in water to start germination and then dried in a kiln.
Basil is of the family Lamiaceae. It is a tender low-growing annual herb, originally native to tropical Asia. Basil tastes somewhat like anise, with a strong, pungent, sweet smell.
Beef
Beef is the striated muscle (skeletal and cardiac) from cattle (Bos taurus) and is an excellent source of protein, with many essential nutrients (including high levels of zinc and iron) to help maintain stamina and heart health. Beef is a complete protein meaning it contains all essential amino acids required by dogs and cats.
Beef Broth
Beef broth is obtained from cooking beef bones and/or muscle tissue with water; it must contain no less than 90% crude protein on a dry matter basis. Beef broth adds natural flavors and beneficial moisture to pet foods.
Beef by-products are the non-rendered, clean parts, other than meat, derived from slaughtered cows. It includes, but is not limited to, lungs, spleen, kidneys, brain, livers, blood, bone, partially defatted low temperature fatty tissue, and stomachs and intestines freed of their contents. It does not include hair, horns, teeth and hooves.
Beef Fat
Beef fat is trimmed or extracted from the tissues of cattle during processing. Beef fat is palatable and supplies fatty acids for skin and coat health.
Beef Hearts
Beef hearts are a nutrient-rich striated muscle meat, and are a good source of thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, Vitamin B6, phosphorus, iron, zinc, and most importantly taurine.
Beef Kidney
Beef kidneys are a mineral rich organ, with high protein and little fat.
Beef Liver
Beef liver is a nutrient-rich organ meat, and is a good source of lean protein, Vitamin A, and other vitamins and minerals. The liver is a multi-faceted organ and while it does participate in detoxification of the body, these toxins do not build up in the liver tissue– they are voided. As a result, liver is safe to consume in appropriate quantities.
Beef Meal
Beef meal is high quality beef muscle (skeletal and cardiac) with the moisture removed. Beef meal provides the essential amino acids for nourishing muscles and bones. High-quality beef meal is antibiotic-free, contains no added growth hormones, and provides high levels of iron and zinc to support a healthy immune system. High quality, protein specific meals are simply a dried and more concentrated form of the meat, poultry or fish protein. It is important to make sure the meal is protein specific (Beef Meal, Lamb Meal), and not generic like Meat Meal or By-Product Meal which by definition can contain any species of animal.
Beef tallow is obtained from the tissue of cattle in the commercial process of rendering. Although this is a very palatable source of fat, it is low in linoleic acid, which is necessary for skin and coat health.
Beet pulp is the residue from sugar beets which has been cleaned, freed from crowns, leaves, and sand, and extracted in the process of manufacturing sugar. Beet pulp is added to some pet foods to act as a fibrous stool hardener.
Beets, also known as beetroot, are a biennial or annual root vegetable of the family Chenopodiaceae (goosefoot family). Beets are high in protein, iron, potassium, folic acid and fiber. The leaves of the beetroot are especially high in calcium. This is a very nutritious and beneficial ingredient.
An absorbent aluminum silicate clay formed from volcanic ash.
Beta Carotene
Beta carotene is naturally abundant in orange-colored fruits and vegetables. It is a carotenoid that serves as the pre-cursor to Vitamin A. Vitamin A is an essential vitamin that is necessary for proper body and immune function. It is imperative for vision, and also helps in the development of muscles, bones, and soft tissue. As a group, carotenoids have antioxidant properties, which may help sweep up free radicals and singlet oxygen. Singlet oxygen and free radicals are unstable chemical species that can arise from normal body metabolism or from environmental exposure to cigarette smoke, air pollutants, radiation, certain drugs and environmental toxins, and if not neutralized can cause serious cellular damage leading to certain chronic diseases.
BHA/BHT is short for Butylated Hydroxyanisole (BHA) and Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT), both of which are artificial chemical preservatives. BHA and BHT have been banned from human use in many countries. In the US, they are still permitted in processed human foods and pet foods.
Biotin
Biotin, also known as Vitamin H or B8, is a water-soluble, nitrogen-containing vitamin that is imperative for cell growth, the production of fatty acids, and in the metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins. Biotin has been shown to strengthen keratin found in nails and footpads. Biotin is synthesized by bacteria in the large intestine and naturally found in Brewer’s Yeast, liver, and alfalfa.
Bison
Bison is the striated muscle (skeletal and cardiac) from US-raised bison. It is an excellent source of protein, with many essential nutrients (including high levels of zinc, taurine, and iron) to help maintain stamina and heart health. Bison meat is a complete protein, meaning it contains all essential amino acids required by dogs. Bison ingredients are considered “natural” according to USDA definitions; if they do not contain any added growth hormones or antibiotics.
Bison Kidney
Bison kidney is a mineral rich organ, with high protein and little fat. Bison ingredients are considered “natural” according to USDA definitions; if they do not contain any added growth hormones or antibiotics.
Bison Liver
Bison liver is nutrient-rich, highly palatable organ. It supplies lean protein, Vitamin A, and other vitamins and minerals required by a pet’s body. (The liver is a multi-faceted organ and while it does participate in detoxification of the body, these toxins do not build up in the liver tissue – they are voided. As a result, liver is safe to consume in appropriate quantities.). Bison ingredients are considered “natural” according to USDA definitions; if they do not contain any added growth hormones or antibiotics.
Black Pepper is a flowering vine in the family Piperaceae, cultivated for its fruit, which is usually dried and used as a spice and seasoning.
Blueberries
Blueberries are the edible fruit of the blueberry bush. Blueberries are an excellent source of Vitamins A & C , potassium and fiber.
Bone Phosphate is the residue of bones that have been treated first in a caustic solution then in a hydrochloric acid solution, and thereafter precipitated with lime and dried.
Brewer's rice is the small milled fragments of rice kernels that have been separated from the larger kernels of milled rice.
Brewer’s Yeast
Yeasts are not bacteria, plants, or animals; they are technically a type of eukaryotic microorganism classified in the kingdom Fungi. Yeast is a beneficial source of amino acids, vitamins, and minerals. The yeast used in pet food is inactivated and has been separated from its growth medium to prevent the potential for allergic reactions. Moreover, it is a different species from the harmful yeast that causes ear or skin infections.
Broccoli
Broccoli is a plant of the cabbage family, Brassicaceae. It is high in vitamin C, calcium, and soluble fiber, and also contains multiple nutrients, making broccoli a "super food" to support health and wellness.
An enzyme found in pineapples that breaks down other proteins, such as collagen and muscle fiber. It is used as a meat tenderizer in the food industry.
Brown Rice
Whole brown rice is unmilled – or partly milled – rice. Brown Rice is a nutritionally intact whole grain, and is rich in fiber, dietary minerals (including manganese, phosphorus), and vitamins (including niacin, vitamin B6, and vitamin E).
The American Bison is known to most Americans as simply "Buffalo." The American Buffalo is a massive animal that weighs from 800 to 2,000 pounds and stands nearly six feet high at the shoulder. A large head, high hump on the shoulders and dark brown shaggy hair characterize the buffalo. Bison are part of the family Bovidae, to which cattle and goats belong.
Buffalo meat is more in demand as increasingly health-conscious people are seeking a lean red meat.
Butter is a dairy product made by churning fresh or fermented cream or milk. Butter is used as a spread, as a condiment and in cooking applications such as baking, sauce making, and frying.
Butter consists of butterfat surrounding minuscule droplets consisting mostly of water and milk proteins. The most common form of butter is made from cows' milk.
Buttermilk
A natural dairy product made from cow’s milk, buttermilk is the liquid portion of the milk that remains after the cream (butterfat) is churned into butter. Buttermilk is lower in fat than whole milk and contains calcium, carbohydrates, and proteins.
Butternut Squash
Butternut squash, or Cucurbita moschata, is an edible type of winter squash with a sweet-savory taste. Butternut squash is a well-balanced food source that is rich in complex carbohydrates and low in saturated fat and sodium. It is an excellent source of fiber, vitamins A and C, and beta carotene. It supplies the minerals magnesium, manganese, calcium and potassium.
Cabbage
Cabbage, Brassica oleracea, is descended from a leafy wild mustard plant native to the Mediterranean region. Cabbage is an excellent source of fiber, vitamin C, vitamin K, and beta-carotene. Cabbage is a rich source of anti-cancer phytonutrients and may help with detoxification.
Calcium
Calcium is vital for the formation of strong bones and teeth. Also promotes healthy muscle and tissue growth. It is also integral to cardiac function, nerve transmission, muscle movement and several enzyme systems.
Calcium Carbonate
Calcium Carbonate is a mineral that contains a minimum of 38% calcium. Circulating calcium has essential roles in blood coagulation, the activation of certain enzyme systems, the maintenance of normal cell-membrane permeability and ion transport. Commonly used as a calcium supplement.
Calcium Chloride
A mineral compound that is commonly used as a calcium supplement.
Calcium iodate is a nutritional source of iodine. Calcium iodate provides the Iodine needed by the body for proper thyroid functioning. The hormones of the thyroid regulate the rate of metabolism, growth, reproduction, nerve and muscle function, the synthesis of proteins, the growth of skin and hair, and the use of oxygen by cells.
Calcium Pantothenate
Calcium Pantothenate is an organic form of Vitamin B5, or panthothenic acid. Pantothenic acid is a water-soluble vitamin essential in animal metabolism for releasing energy from carbohydrates, fats, and protein. It is the main component CoA and ACP, two co-enzymes that are involved in major body functions, such as antibody production and maintaining membrane integrity.
Calcium Propionate is a chemical preservative.
The calorie was originally defined as the amount of heat required at a pressure of 1 standard atmosphere to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius. Dietitians use the term to mean kilocalorie in measuring the calorific, heating, or metabolizing value of foods. Thus, reference to “calories” on pet food labels are in fact kilocalories, and must be declared as kilocalories in the calorie content statement.
Cane molasses is a by-product of the manufacture of sucrose from sugar cane. It must contain not less than 43% total sugars expressed as invert.
Canola Oil
Canola oil is the oil obtained from hybridized rapeseeds. These special rapeseed plants have been bred to be free of toxic gossypol. Canola Oil is considered a beneficial oil due to its low saturated fat and high monounsaturated oil content—the latter almost 60%. It has a favorable Omega-3 fatty acid profile which assists in a healthy coat.
Caramel
A natural sugar additive.
Carbohydrates are the major energy-containing constituents of plants, making up between 60% and 90% of dry-matter weight. This class of nutrients comprises the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Dietary carbohydrate provides animals with a source of energy and assists in proper gastrointestinal tract functioning. In addition to its function in supplying energy to the body, digestible carbohydrate also has a protein-sparing effect. Just as animals eat to meet their energy needs, the body satisfies its energy requirement before using energy-containing nutrients in the diet for other purposes. If adequate carbohydrate is supplied in the diet, protein will be spared from being used for energy and can then be used for tissue repair and growth.
Carob, also known as locust bean gum, is a seed that is processed to produce a completely natural product which is used as a gelling agent, stabilizer or emulsifier.
Carotene is an orange photosynthetic pigment important for photosynthesis. It is responsible for the orange color of the carrot and many other fruits and vegetables. It contributes to photosynthesis by transmitting the light energy it absorbs to chlorophyll.
Carotenoids
Carotenoids are organic pigments that are naturally occurring in plants and some other photosynthetic organisms like algae. Carotenoids are efficient free-radical (cancer causing agents) scavengers, and are known to support the immune system.
Carrageenan Gum
Carrageenan Gum is a natural ingredient used as a thickener and stabilizer in canned food.
Carrots
Carrots are technically tubers or the nutrient-engorged roots of the carrot plant, a member of the parsley family. Carrots are a source of important vitamins, minerals, and carotenoids to help support the immune system and digestive system. They may also help support proper skin and eye health.
Cauliflower is a variety of Brassica oleracea in the family Brassicaceae. Cauliflower resembles broccoli, to which it is closely related, except with very densely packed white flower buds. Cauliflower is an important source of protein, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, calcium, iron, magnesium, phosphorus and zinc. It is also a good source of dietary fiber.
Celery is a member of the carrot family and is related to anise, parsley and parsnips. The nutrients found in celery are reduced due to the high water content of this vegetable.
Cereal food fines consist of particles of breakfast cereals obtained as a by-product of their processing. Cereal food fines can be an inconsistent and possibly inadequate source of nutrients.
Cheese is defined as the fresh or matured product obtained by draining the whey of the original milk after coagulation of casein, milk's major protein. Cheese provides many essential nutrients and is an important source of protein, vitamins and minerals. In its concentrated form, it contains many of milk's nutrients.
Chelated Minerals
Chelated minerals are minerals bonded to an amino acid. They are more easily absorbed during digestion compared to unchelated minerals which often get passed in the stool. Better nutrient absorption supports better health for pets.
Chicken
Chicken is the clean combination of flesh and skin (with or without accompanying bone), that comes from the parts or whole carcasses of chicken. Chicken is an excellent source of highly digestible, lean protein, and essential amino acids.
Chicken Broth
Chicken broth comes from cooking chicken bones and/or muscle tissue with water, and must contain no less than 90% crude protein on a dry matter basis. Chicken broth adds natural flavors and beneficial moisture to pet foods.
Chicken by-products consist of the rendered, clean parts of the carcass of slaughtered chicken, such as heads, feet, viscera, free from fecal content and foreign matter except in such amounts as might occur unavoidably in good processing practices. Because of the multiple organs used, by-products may have changing proportions with variable nutrient levels.
Chicken by-product meal consists of the dry, ground, rendered, clean parts of the carcass of slaughtered chicken, such as necks, feet, undeveloped eggs, and intestines - exclusive of feathers except in such amounts as might occur unavoidably in good processing practices.
A natural source of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate.
Chicken digest is a material which results from chemical and/or enzymatic hydrolysis of clean and undecomposed chicken tissue. Chicken digest is a palatability enhancer made by reducing (cooking down) chicken meat and fat into a concentrated liquid or dry product.
Chicken Eggs
Often known as one of the best complete foods, eggs provide a complete amino acid profile including other essential nutrients necessary to ensure optimal health.
Chicken Fat
Chicken fat is obtained from the tissues of chickens in the commercial process of rendering or extracting. Chicken fat is the highest of all animal sources in linoleic acid (source of Omega 6 fatty acids - over 23%), an important element for skin and coat health.
Chicken giblets are the internal organs of the chicken consisting of the liver, heart, and gizzard. Because of multiple organs used, chicken giblets may have variable nutrient levels.
Chicken Hearts
Chicken hearts are a nutrient-rich striated muscle meat, and are a good source of thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, Vitamin B6, phosphorus, iron, zinc, and most importantly taurine.
Chicken Liver
Chicken liver is a nutrient-rich organ meat, and is a good source of lean protein, Vitamin A, and iron. The liver is a multi-faceted organ and while it does participate in detoxification of the body, these toxins do not build up in the liver tissue– they are voided. As a result, liver is safe to consume in appropriate quantities. It is also used as a natural flavor enhancer.
Chicken liver digest is a material which results from chemical and/or enzymatic hydrolysis of clean and undecomposed chicken liver tissue. Chicken liver digest is used by some manufacturers as a flavor enhancer.
Chicken liver meal is the dried product of ground hepatic glands of chickens.
Chicken Meal
Chicken meal is a highly digestible protein source produced by cooking chicken at high temperatures, extracting the fat and drying the meat residue. It is a meat protein, providing essential amino acids and fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals for muscle development and energy. High quality, protein specific meals are simply a dried and more concentrated form of the meat, poultry or fish protein. It is important to make sure the meal is protein specific (Beef Meal, Lamb Meal), and not generic like Meat Meal or By-Product Meal which by definition can contain any species of animal.
Chicory Root
Chicory Root is a perennial Old World herb cultivated as a source of insulin for pets. Known as a "prebiotic" that feeds the good bacteria and hinders the growth of bad bacteria in the pets' digestive track.
Choline Chloride
Choline Chloride is a dietary source of choline included in the B-complex vitamins. Choline is necessary for nerve function and fat metabolism and can be manufactured in the body but not at a sufficient rate to meet health requirements. Dietary Choline protects against poor growth, fatty liver, and renal damage in many animals. It also helps maintain acid and water balance.
Chondroitin Sulfate
A naturally occurring compound believed to be helpful in the maintenance and rebuilding of joint cartilage.
Cinnamon
The aromatic bark of certain tropical trees that is dried and ground for use as a spice; contains calcium, iron, vitamins C and K, and manganese.
Citric Acid
Citric Acid is a natural and colorless translucent crystalline acid, which comes from the fermentation of carbohydrates or from citrus fruits, like lemon, lime, and pineapple juices. It is often used as a natural preservative and is a molecular component of vitamin C.
Cloves
Cloves are the dried buds of the clove tree. The pink flower buds are picked before opening and dried in the sun where they turn a reddish brown. Cloves may even help prevent microbial growth (Azzouz, M. A. and Bullerman, L. R. 1982. J. Food Protect. 45:1248-1301.).
Cobalt
A potent antioxidant that helps to thin the blood, strengthen the heart and maintain good circulation. It contains a natural antibiotic and antiseptic called allicin and is also known to help fight cancer.
The Coconut Palm is a member of the family Arecaceae (palm family). The term coconut refers to the fruit of the coconut palm.
A deep sea fish rich in protein that can be sustainably harvested.
Copper is a trace mineral necessary in animal nutrition.
The metabolism and functions of copper are closely tied to those of iron. Copper is necessary for normal absorption and transport of dietary iron. Along with iron, copper is essential for the normal formation of hemoglobin. Copper deficiency results in disorders similar to that seen with iron deficiency. Although copper deficiency is not common in dogs and cats, an inherited disorder of copper metabolism that results in copper toxicosis occurs in several different breeds of dogs.
Copper Proteinate
Copper is a trace mineral necessary in animal nutrition. This copper is specially bonded (chelated) with amino acids to enhance absorption and assimilation. The metabolism and functions of copper are closely tied to those of iron. Copper is necessary for normal absorption and transport of dietary iron. Along with iron, copper is essential for the normal formation of hemoglobin and for reproduction, bone formation, and immunity. It is essential for preventing anemia in dogs/cats. AAFCO establishes minimum and maximum dietary levels.
Corn bran is the outer coating of the corn kernel, with little or none of the starchy part of the germ. Corn bran is a high fiber fraction of the corn kernel, with little or none of the starchy part of the germ.
Corn flour is the fine sized hard flinty portions of ground corn containing little or none of the bran or germ.
Corn germ meal is ground corn germ which consists of corn germ with other parts of the corn kernel from which part of the oil has been removed and is obtained from either a wet or dry milling manufacturing process of corn meal, corn grits, hominy feed, or other corn products.
Corn gluten feed is that part of the commercial shelled corn that remains after the extraction of the larger portion of the starch, gluten, and germ by the processes employed in the wet milling manufacture of corn starch or syrup.
Corn gluten meal is the dried residue from corn after the removal of the larger part of the starch and germ, and the separation of the bran by the process employed in the wet milling manufacture of corn starch or syrup, or by enzymatic treatment of the endosperm.
Corn grits are coarsely ground grains from which the bran and germ have been removed, usually screened to uniform particle size.
Corn meal is the entire corn kernel, finely ground.
Corn oil is obtained from the endosperm of corn kernels.
To make corn syrup, enzymes are added to corn starch, and it is turned into a syrupy mixture of glucose and maltose
Cornstarch is the finely ground fractionated endosperm of the corn grain. Cornstarch supplies a highly refined source of carbohydrate and has been leeched of vitamins, minerals, protein, phytochemicals and oils.
Cottage Cheese
Cottage cheese is the result of separating milk or cream into curds and whey. The fresh curds are semi-drained and then pressed to form a soft, white, spoonable cheese. Cottage cheese is an excellent source of calcium, phosphorus, protein and vitamins. It is low in fat and lactose.
Cracked wheat is made when the whole wheat berry is cracked.
Cranberries
Cranberries are the fruit from a group of evergreen dwarf shrubs or trailing vines in the genus Vaccinium. They are native to cool northern climates in North America and are appreciated for their content of powerful antioxidants and natural acidic properties that may support urinary tract health by preventing bacterial infection and struvite crystals in the bladder and urethra. Cranberries are rich in flavenoids.
Cranberry meal is the edible fruit of the cranberry plant that has been dried and ground.
Cranberry powder is the dehydrated form of the cranberry plant.
D
Source of Vitamin D3
D-Calcium Pantothenate
D-Calcium Pantothenate is an organic form of Vitamin B5, or panthothenic acid. Pantothenic acid is a water-soluble vitamin essential in animal metabolism for releasing energy from carbohydrates, fats and protein. It also aids in the utilization of other vitamins and helps support the body's resistance to stress.
Dandelion is a large genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. They are tap-rooted biennial or perennial herbaceous plants, native to temperate areas of the Northern Hemisphere of the Old World. The plant does have several culinary uses. Dandelions are grown commercially at a small scale as a leaf vegetable. The plant can be eaten cooked or raw in various forms.
Dehulled oats are whole oats that have had the outer covering of the grain removed.
Dehulled Soybean Meal is the product obtained by grinding the flakes which remain after the removal of most of the oil and the outer covering of the soybean seed by a solvent or mechanical extraction process. Compared to meat protein, dehulled soybean meal is a lower quality protein source, containing lower levels of essential amino acids such as methionine, arginine, and taurine.
Alfalfa meal is the aerial portion of the alfalfa plant, reasonably free of other crop plants, weeds and mold, which has been finely ground and dried by thermal means under controlled conditions other than sun curing. Alfalfa is an excellent source of phytochemicals and phytoestrogens and their antioxidant effect stimulates the immune system.
Chicken that has been freed of moisture by thermal means.
Lamb that has been freed of moisture by thermal means.
Dehydrated mixed vegetables are the product obtained by removal or separation of water from unspecified vegetables. There is no knowing with this ingredient what vegetables are present, or what their nutrient value is.
A naturally occurring substance comprised of the fossilized remains of diatoms. Diatoms are microscopic sized hard shelled creatures found in both marine and fresh waters. This is often used as a filtering material.
Dicalcium Phosphate is a calcium salt of phosphoric acid. Dicalcium phosphate provides both calcium and phosphorus, which are vital for building and maintaining strong bones and teeth. Calcium also regulates heartbeat and other muscle contractions and is necessary for proper blood clotting. Phosphorus plays an important part in the body's energy production.
Digest is a material which results from chemical and/or enzymatic hydrolysis of clean and undecomposed animal tissue.
This is the regulatory term given to microorganism cultures added to food. Direct-fed microbials are living microbes that can be found in a healthy digestive tract.
DL-Methionine
DL-Methionine is an essential amino acid, which is one of two sulfur-containing amino acids (cysteine being the other) that helps to build proteins. It is essential for all animals and also helps to naturally acidify foods.
Dried Avocado Meal is the substance left when you remove all the water and fat from the avocado.
Dried beet pulp is the dried residue from sugar beets which has been cleaned, freed from crowns, leaves, and sand, and extracted in the process of manufacturing sugar.
Dried Blood Meal is produced from clean, fresh animal blood, exclusive of all extraneous material such as hair, stomach belchings and urine except as might occur unavoidably in good manufacturing processes. A large portion of the moisture is usually removed by a mechanical dewatering process or by condensing by cooking to a semi-solid state. The semi-sold blood mass is then transferred to a rapid drying facility where the more tightly bound water is rapidly removed. The minimum biological activity of lysine shall be 80%.
In the process of making butter, pasteurized cream is churned to produce butter. While butter contains about 20% water, the remaining aqueous material released by the churning of cream is termed buttermilk.
Buttermilk in its liquid form can be used as a food ingredient but, for stability and convenience it is usually dried. Drying to produce buttermilk powder follows essentially the same process as the production of skim milk powder from skim milk. The buttermilk is first pasteurized, then concentrated with an evaporator and finally dried to produce buttermilk powder.
Dried Carrots are the roots of the carrot plant, and a member of the parsley family. The carrots have had the moisture removed.
Celery is a member of the carrot family and is related anise, parsley and parsnips.
Dried cheese is the product obtained by dehydrating cheeses. No more than 10% of the fat may be other than milk fat.
Dried Chicken Stock is obtained by cooking chicken bones, parts, and/or muscle tissue. The crude protein content of stock/broth must be no less than 90% on a dry matter basis. The moisture is then removed to make dried chicken stock.
Dried Chicory Root is the dried, non-roasted root Cichorium intybus L., used as a source of inulin, as soluble, fermentable fiber. It shall contain no less than 50% inulin and no more than 13% moisture. Chicory Root is a thick-rooted blue-flowered European perennial composite herb widely grown for its roots and as a salad plant. Commonly known as a soluble fiber, the inulin derived from the Chicory Root is a fructooligosaccharide added to help maintain digestive tract health and function.
Dried Chicory Root Extract is primarily composed of the polysaccharide inulin, which has been extracted from the root by a mechanical process. Chicory Root is a thick-rooted blue-flowered European perennial composite herb widely grown for its roots and as a salad plant. Commonly known as a soluble fiber the inulin derived from the Chicory Root is a fructooligosaccharide added to help maintain digestive tract health and function.
Cranberries are low, creeping shrubs. The fruit is a true berry that is larger than the leaves of the plant. Dried cranberries are prepared by gently infusing sucrose into sliced cranberries.
Egg product is product obtained from egg graders, egg breakers, and/or hatchery operations that is dehydrated, handled as liquid, or frozen. This product shall be free of shells or other non-egg materials except in such amounts which might occur unavoidably in good processing practices, and contain a maximum ash content of 6% on a dry matter basis.
Egg whites are one of the best sources of protein that can be found in nature. They are also lower in fat than a whole egg since the egg yolk has been removed.
Dried Enterococcus faecium Fermentation Product
Enterococcus faecium is a species of prokaryotic microorganisms (bacteria) in the Order Lactobacillae. It is a commensal (non-pathogenic) bacteria that inhabits the intestines of mammals where it ferments fiber into beneficial end-products such as lactic acid. It is a beneficial bacteria that may help protect against the entrance and proliferation of "bad" organisms that can cause disease. Probiotics are defined as live prokaryotic or eukaryotic microorganisms, including Lactobacillus species, Bifidobacterium species and yeasts, which may improve the balance of the intestinal microflora in the host’s intestinal tract following ingestion. The intestinal microflora is important for maturation of the immune system, the development of normal intestinal morphology and in order to maintain a chronic and immunologically balanced inflammatory response. Probiotics also generate food for the cells lining the large intestine.
Kelp is dried seaweed of the families Laminariacae and Fucaeae. Kelp is a general term used to describe large brown seaweeds. Seaweeds have been used throughout the world for centuries as a rich source of natural organic minerals and vitamins like iodine, potassium and calcium. The thyroid gland depends upon minerals, especially iodine, to function properly and to secrete adequate amounts of thyroxin and trilodothyronine. These hormones influence metabolic rate and body temperature. Kelp is not only rich in iodine, but is also an additional natural source of beta-carotene, B vitamins and vitamin C.
Dried Lactobacillus acidophilus Fermentation Product
Lactobacillus acidophilus is the most commonly used species of probiotic, or "friendly" bacteria. Such beneficial bacteria protect against the entrance and proliferation of "bad" organisms that can cause disease. Probiotics are defined as live prokaryotic or eukaryotic microorganisms, including Lactobacillus species, Bifidobacterium species and yeasts, which may improve the balance of the intestinal microflora in the host’s intestinal tract following ingestion. The intestinal microflora is important for maturation of the immune system, the development of normal intestinal morphology and in order to maintain a chronic and immunologically balanced inflammatory response. Probiotics also generate food for the cells lining the large intestine.
Dried milk protein is obtained by drying the coagulated protein residue resulting from the controlled co-precipitation of casein, lactalbumin, and minor milk proteins from defatted milk. In layman's terms, dried milk protein is the dried residue that results from separating protein parts from milk.
A pea is the small edible round green bean which grows in a pod on a leguminous Eurasian vine. Dried peas have had the moisture removed from them.
Dried potatoes are the result of removing the moisture from the potato.
Dried skimmed milk is the residue obtained by drying defatted milk.
Spinach is a leafy green vegetable or salad green with a flavor that is slightly bitter tasting. Spinach is rich in potassium, iron, riboflavin, vitamin A and vitamin C. Dried spinach can be used as a food seasoning.
Sweet potatoes are a member of the morning glory family and unrelated to the white potato, a tuber.
Dried Vegetable Fiber is made from carrots, celery, beets, parsley, lettuce, water cress and spinach.
Dried whey is the product obtained by removing water from whey. Whey is the watery part of milk.
A member of the rose family, the apple has a compartmented core and is thus classified as a pome fruit. Dried whole apples have had the moisture removed.
Dried Whole Eggs is the result of removing moisture from eggs by thermal means.
Dried yeast is the dried, non-fermented yeast which has been separated from the medium in which it was grown. Yeast is a good source of Vitamin B1.
Yogurt is the product resulting from the culturing of a mixture of milk and cream products with the lactic acid-producing bacteria, Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus. Other bacterial cultures and select strains of bacteria may also be used. Sweeteners, flavorings, and other ingredients may be added. Yogurt is a very good source of calcium, protein, potassium and magnesium. It can aid in bone growth and maintenance.
Duck
Duck is the clean combination of flesh and skin (with or without accompanying bone), that comes from the parts or whole carcasses of ducks. Duck is an alternative meat protein that helps to nourish your pet’s muscles and build strong bones. This unique protein can be a healthy solution for pets with allergies to more common proteins.
Duck Broth is obtained by cooking duck, including bones and/or muscle, much the same process as making stock. Duck broth adds moisture while enhancing the protein level and palatability of the food, rather than diluting them.
Duck Eggs
Often known as one of the best complete foods, duck eggs provide a complete amino acid profile including other essential nutrients necessary to ensure optimal health.
Duck Meal
Duck meal is the clean combination of the flesh and skin of duck with the moisture removed. It is an excellent source of highly digestible protein and essential amino acids. This unique protein can be a healthy solution for pets with allergies to common proteins. High quality, protein specific meals are simply a dried and more concentrated form of the meat, poultry or fish protein. It is important to make sure the meal is protein specific (Beef Meal, Lamb Meal), and not generic like Meat Meal or By-Product Meal which by definition can contain any species of animal. While duck is technically “poultry”, it is not the same species as chicken and should not trigger a true food allergy because each animal species has a unique genetic code and protein signature.
Dulse is a red seaweed that grows attached to rocks in the North Atlantic and Northwest Pacific.
E
Egg Product is product obtained from egg graders, egg breakers and/or hatchery operations that is dehydrated, handled as liquid, or frozen. These shall be labeled as per USDA regulations governing eggs and egg products. This product shall be free of shells or other non-egg materials except in such amounts which might occur unavoidably in good processing practices, and contain a maximum ash content of 6% on a dry matter basis.
Egg Whites
Egg whites are rich in protein and are of high nutritional value, with little fat.
Egg Yolks
Defined as the nutritive portion of a whole egg, egg yolks are a source of fat soluble vitamins, minerals, fats, proteins, and yellow carotenoids. In baking and other food applications, egg yolks are used to help emulsify (or break down) fats.
Ester-C is a patented, non-acidic form of vitamin C.
Ethoxyquin is a artificial chemical preservative that is not approved for human food use except for preservation of some spices, flavors and colors.
Ethylenediamine Dihydriodide
Ethylenediamine Dihydriodide is an organic form of Iodine, an essential mineral element, that it is nearly 100% bio-available. Iodine is required by the body for the synthesis of hormones by the thyroid gland and to control enzymes involved in the respiratory system. AAFCO has established minimum and maximum iodine levels.
Extruded soybeans is the product resulting from extrusion by friction heat and/or steam, whole soybeans without removing any of the component parts. Whole ground extruded soybeans are used in some foods as a supplemental protein ingredient.
F
Fat
Fat is part of a heterogeneous group of compounds known as the lipids. Fat has numerous functions within the body. In addition to providing energy, fat has numerous metabolic and structural functions. It aids in the transmission of nerve impulses and the transport of nutrients and metabolites across cell membranes. Dietary fat also provides a source of EFA's (essential fatty acids) and acts as a carrier that allows the absorption of the fat-soluble vitamins. Fat in the diets of companion animals also plays a role in contributing to the palatability and texture of food. This is obviously a critical function because no pet food, regardless of how well-formulated it is, can be nutritious if it is not eaten.
Feeding oat meal is obtained in the manufacture of rolled oat groats or rolled oats and consists of broken oat groats, oat groat chips, and floury portions of the oat groats, with only such quantity of finely ground oat hulls as is unavoidable in the usual process of commercial milling.
Fiber consists indigestible plant carbohydrates, including cellulose, hemicellulose, and gums. Although dietary fiber is not a required nutrient per se, the inclusion of optimal amounts of fiber in the diets of companion animals is necessary for normal functioning of the gastrointestinal tract.* Insoluble fiber functions to increase the bulk of the diet, contributes to satiety, and maintains normal intestinal transit time and gastrointestinal tract motility. Soluble fiber helps to delay gastric emptying. The amount of fiber in pet foods varies with the type of food and the ingredients that are included. In general, the guaranteed maximum crude fiber content of most commercial pet foods ranges between 3% and 6% of the dry matter of the diet.
Fish broth is obtained by cooking fish and/or other marine animal products, including bones, shells, parts, and/or muscle, but not including fish soluble. Fish broth adds moisture while enhancing the protein level and palatability, rather than diluting it. It contains Omega 3 fatty acids, which play a vital role in the structures of cell membranes. Fatty acids support growth, help maintain healthy skin and hair, and affect the development of the nervous system, including the brain.
Fish Meal
Fish Meal is an excellent source of protein and omega fatty acids that help the skin and coat, growth and development.
Fish oil is the oil from rendering (cooking down) whole fish or pieces of fish from canneries.
Flaxseed
Flaxseed is the whole seed of the flax plant (genus Linum). Flaxseed is an outstanding source of both soluble and insoluble fiber. Together these fibers aid in digestion and help to prevent constipation. Flaxseed is also an excellent source of amino acids, Omega-6, and more importantly Omega-3 essential fatty acids. When in the proper ratio with Omega-6 fatty acids, Omega-3 fatty acids regulate and control inflammatory reactions. The richest source of alpha-linoleic acid (ALA) is found in flaxseed.
Flaxseed meal is the ground product obtained from the seed of the flax plant. Flax meal is a good source of Omega 6 and Omega 3 fatty acids. With a high fiber content and low relative carbohydrate count, flax meal helps to maintain a healthy digestive tract.
Flaxseed Oil
Flaxseed is the whole seed of the flax plant (genus Linum) from which oil can be obtained. Flaxseed oil is a high-quality source of essential fatty acids (particularly Omega-3’s) and other essential nutrients. Essential fatty acids are vital for the health of skin, coat, cardiovascular, immune, reproduction, and nervous system. When in the proper ratio with Omega-6 fatty acids, Omega-3 fatty acids may help to regulate and control inflammatory reactions.
Folic Acid
Folic Acid is a Vitamin of the B complex that is water-soluble and essential in animal metabolism. It is also known as folate or Factor R. Folic acid is absorbed from the small intestine and small amounts are stored in the liver and other tissues. Excess is excreted in the feces. Its main function is to maintain the cells' genetic code, regulate cell division, and build red and white blood cells. When folic acid is deficient in the body, the inability to produce adequate DNA leads to decreased cellular growth and maturation. Like several of the other B vitamins, folic acid is synthesized by the bacteria of the large intestine in dogs and cats.
Freeze (Drying Process)
Freeze drying is a food preservation process that requires no chemicals or additives and effectively retains the nutritional value, color, flavor and cellular structure of the food. It is a process whereby frozen food is placed under a vacuum and water removed to make the raw food shelf-stable. If processed correctly, there is barely any difference between the original food and the rehydrated freeze-dried food. The process is actually simple and has been used in some form or another as far back as the ancient Incans. Freeze drying takes advantage of the process called sublimation – water is turned from a solid phase (ice) into water vapor without ever entering the liquid phase. 1. Food is frozen 2. Frozen food is placed on hollow shelves in the freeze-drier chamber 3. The chamber is sealed and a pump vacuums out the air to an atmospheric pressure much lower than that at sea level 4. The shelves are gently heated with hot oil to a pre-set and controlled temperature. 5. Evaporative cooling keeps the actual product temperatures lower than the set point and retains nutrients. (note: hot oil never touches the food, it circulates inside the shelves) 6. The low pressure in the chamber forces the ice to go directly into a gas phase; it never turns into water 7. The water vapor is vacuumed off and expelled.
Freeze Dried Beef
Freeze dried beef is simply striated beef muscle that has undergone the natural freeze drying process.
Freeze Dried Beef Hearts
Freeze dried beef hearts are a striated, nutrient-rich muscle meat and a good source of thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, Vitamin B6, phosphorus, iron and zinc. Freeze dried beef hearts have undergone the natural freeze drying process.
Freeze Dried Beef Liver
Freeze dried beef liver is a nutrient-rich organ meat, and is a good source of lean protein and Vitamin A and other vitamins/minerals. Freeze dried beef liver has undergone the natural freeze-drying process.
Freeze Dried Chicken
Freeze dried chicken is simply striated chicken muscle that has undergone the natural freeze drying process.
Freeze Dried Ground Rabbit Bone
Freeze dried ground rabbit bone is an excellent source of minerals, essential fatty acids, proteins, and enzymes, and has always been important part of a dog and cat’s natural diet. Bone contains calcium and phosphorus in the correct ratio and is the most bio-available source. It is also a significant source of Glucosamine and Chondroitin, naturally occurring compounds associated with joint health. The bone has undergone the natural freeze drying process.
Freeze Dried Lamb
Freeze dried lamb is simply striated lamb muscle that has undergone the natural freeze drying process.
Freeze Dried Lamb Hearts
Freeze dried lamb hearts are striated, nutrient-rich muscle meat and is a good source of thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, Vitamin B6, phosphorus, iron and zinc. Freeze dried lamb hearts have undergone the natural freeze drying process.
Freeze Dried Lamb Liver
Freeze dried lamb liver is a nutrient-rich organ meat, and is a good source of protein, Vitamin A and other vitamins/minerals. Freeze dried lamb liver has undergone the natural freeze drying process.
Freeze Dried Rabbit
Freeze dried rabbit is an alternative meat protein that helps to nourish your pet’s muscles and build strong bones. This unique protein can be a healthy solution for pets with allergies to common proteins. The rabbit meat is striated muscle that undergoes the natural freeze drying process.
Freeze Dried Rabbit Hearts
Freeze dried rabbit hearts are a striated, nutrient-rich muscle meat and are a good source of thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, Vitamin B6, phosphorus, iron and zinc. Freeze dried rabbit hearts have undergone the natural freeze-drying process.
Freeze Dried Rabbit Liver
Freeze dried rabbit liver is a nutrient-rich organ meat, and is a good source of protein, Vitamin A, and other vitamins/minerals.
Freeze Dried Rabbit Lung
Freeze dried rabbit lungs supply needed amino acids. The organ undergoes the natural freeze drying process.
Freeze Dried Turkey
Freeze dried turkey is striated turkey muscle that has undergone the natural freeze drying process.
Freeze Dried Turkey Hearts
Freeze dried turkey hearts are a striated, nutrient-rich muscle meat and is a good source of thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, Vitamin B6, phosphorus, iron and zinc. Freeze dried turkey hearts have undergone the natural freeze drying process.
Freeze Dried Turkey Liver
Freeze dried turkey liver is a nutrient-rich organ meat, and is a good source of protein and Vitamin A and other vitamins/minerals. Freeze dried turkey liver has undergone the natural freeze drying process.
Freeze Dried Venison
Freeze dried venison is simply our high quality striated venison muscle that has undergone the natural freeze drying process.
Fruit Pectin
Fruit Pectin is the natural component of fruit cell walls. It is a complex polysaccharide (carbohydrate) with unique gelling properties, making it ideal for use in food applications such as jams, jellies, and ice cream. Pectin provides a source of soluble dietary fiber.
G
Garlic is the whole clove of the garlic plant. Garlic is valued for its enjoyable flavor.
Garlic Cloves
A natural antioxidant that can help thin the blood; helps strengthen the heart and maintain good circulation; has natural antibiotic properties from allicin.
Garlic Powder is dehydrated garlic cloves that have been ground to a powder.
Gelatin is a translucent brittle solid substance. Gelatin is colorless or slightly yellow and is nearly tasteless and odorless. It is created by prolonged boiling of animal skin, connective tissue or bones.
Ginger
Ginger promotes digestive health, stimulates the immune system and is known to help with arthritis.
Glucosamine
Glucosamine has been known to prevent arthritis and to maintain connective tissue, tendons, ligaments, and cartilage.
Glycerin is a colorless, odorless sweet tasting viscous liquid. It is used in some pet foods to retain moisture and enhance palatability.
Grape pomace is the dried mixture of grape skins, pulp and crushed seeds that remain after the processing of grapes for juice. Grape consumption has been associated with kidney disease in dogs.
Grapeseed oil is a polyunsaturated oil from the grapeseed. It is a good source of essential fatty acids and is rich in antioxidants.
Green beans, a member of the legume family, are grown primarily for their fleshy pods. They are also called snap beans or string beans. Green beans are high in vitamin A and C and are low in calories.
Green Lipped Mussel is a New Zealand shellfish.
Green Tea Extract is approved for use in pet foods as a flavoring agent
Ground barley is the entire barley kernel, ground or chopped. Ground barley is a good quality source of carbohydrates.
Ground Beef Bone
Ground beef bone is an excellent source of minerals, essential fatty acids, proteins, and enzymes, and has always been important part of a dog and cat’s natural diet. Bone contains calcium and phosphorus in the correct ratio and is the most bio-available source. It is also a significant source of Glucosamine and Chondroitin, naturally occurring compounds associated with joint health.
Ground Bison Bone
Raw ground bone is an excellent source of minerals, essential fatty acids, proteins, and enzymes, and has always been an important part of a dog and cat’s natural diet. Bone contains calcium and phosphorus in the correct ratio and is the most bio-available source, required by pets to maintain strong teeth and bones.
Ground brown rice is the entire product obtained in grinding the rice kernels after the hulls have been removed. Ground brown rice is a high quality source of carbohydrates and natural fiber. Ground brown rice is slightly less digestible than ground (white) rice.
Ground Chicken Bone
Ground chicken bone is an excellent source of minerals, essential fatty acids, proteins, and enzymes, and has always been important part of a dog and cat’s natural diet. Bone contains calcium and phosphorus in the correct ratio and is the most bio-available source. It is also a significant source of Glucosamine and Chondroitin, naturally occurring compounds associated with joint health.
Ground corn is the entire corn kernel, ground or chopped.
Flax is a member of the genus Linum in the family Linaceae. Flax has been around since about 5000 BC. Almost every part of the flax plant has been used for food, and industry. Flax is grown both for seed and for fiber.
Ground Lamb Bone
Ground lamb bone is an excellent source of minerals, essential fatty acids, proteins, and enzymes, and has always been important part of a dog and cat’s natural diet. Bone contains calcium and phosphorus in the correct ratio and is the most bio-available source. It is also a significant source of Glucosamine and Chondroitin, naturally occurring compounds associated with joint health.
Ground millet is any of various cereal grasses cultivated for grain or fodder.
Oats are the dry ground product of cleaned oats with the hulls removed. Oats are a natural, healthy grain that are rich in B vitamins, and are a good source of carbohydrates.
Pearl millet is the most widely grown type of millet. Grown in India and Africa since prehistoric times, it is generally accepted that pearl millet originated in Africa and was subsequently introduced into India. Pearl Millet is high in protein and highly digestible. The grain is used to feed livestock such as cattle and pigs and is used in some dog food products.
Ground rice is the de-hulled rice kernel, ground or chopped, with the bran removed -- known as white rice. Rice is a high quality source of carbohydrates.
Ground wheat is the entire wheat kernel, ground or chopped. Ground wheat is a good quality source of carbohydrates. Because it includes the entire wheat kernel, it contributes additional protein, wheat oil, bran, and vitamins and minerals to the diet. This is in contrast to the fractionated wheat ingredients used by some manufacturers such as wheat bran, wheat flour or wheat middlings, which are leeched of much of their nutritional value.
Ground rice is the de-hulled rice kernel, ground or chopped, with the bran removed -- known as white rice. Rice is a high quality source of carbohydrates.
Sorghum is the ground grain of the sorghum plant.
Ground whole rice is the entire product obtained in grinding the rice kernels after the hulls have been removed. Rice is a high quality source of carbohydrates.
Ground wheat is the entire wheat kernel, ground or chopped. Ground wheat is a good quality source of carbohydrates. Because it includes the entire wheat kernel, it contributes additional protein, wheat oil, bran, and vitamins and minerals to the diet.
Ground yellow corn is the entire corn kernel, ground or chopped.
Guar Gum
Guar gum is an all natural ingredient from the ground endosperm of the guar plant, Cyamopsis tetragonalobus, which is from the legume (bean/pea) family. Guar beans have a large endosperm that contains galactomannan, a substance which forms a gum or gel in water. Compared to other gelling agents, the molecular linkage in guar gum galactomannan is readily fermented by probiotics and thus has a low caloric content for dogs and cats. It is primarily used as a thickener/stabilizer in canned food.
H
Herring is the clean tissue of undecomposed whole herring or herring cuttings, either or both. Herring is an excellent single-source protein. It is also an excellent source of Omega 3 fatty acids.
Herring Meal
Herring meal is the clean, dried, ground tissue of undecomposed whole herring or herring cuttings. Herring are small oily fish much like sardines that inhabit shallow temperate waters in the Atlantic. They are sustainably caught and processed fresh.
Herring oil is the oil extracted from whole herring. Herring oil provides a rich source of Omega 3 fatty acids.
Histidine is a basic essential amino acid and a building block of protein. Histidine is found abundantly in hemoglobin. Histidine is intricately involved in a large number of critical metabolic processes, ranging from the production of red and white blood cells to regulating antibody activity.
Honey
Honey is a sweet and viscous fluid from flower nectar produced by honey bees primarily. Honey contains trace amounts of several vitamins and minerals. Honey also contains tiny amounts of several compounds thought to function as antioxidants, including chrysin, pinobanksin, vitamin C, catalase, and pinocembrin.
I
Inositol (Vitamin B8) is a compound derivative of cyclohexane(a petroleum or benzene based solvent), widely distributed in plants and seeds as Phytin (a calcium-magnesium salt). There has been little research on Inositol, but it is known to be concentrated in the skeletal and heart muscles, lungs, liver, brain, blood, milk, urine and eggs. Its metabolic role in these and other tissues is not yet known. Inositol is not considered to be essential.
Inulin
Inulin is an insoluble plant fructan, also known as a prebiotic, that stimulates growth of beneficial bacteria (probiotics) in the digestive system. It is harvested from plants such as chicory, dandelion, and Jerusalem artichokes.
Iodine is an essential mineral element. Iodine is required by the body for the synthesis of the hormones by the thyroid gland. Naturally occurring iodine deficiency does not commonly occur in dogs or cats.
Iodized Salt is a common table salt used to enhance flavor.
Iron Proteinate
Iron is an essential mineral and found in all body cells. It is vitally important for red blood cells to transport oxygen throughout the body. Once absorbed from the diet, iron it is stored in the body and seldom lost. As a result, the requirement for iron only increases drastically during periods of unusual blood loss, such as in cases of parturition, major surgery, injury, or severe parasitic infection or gastrointestinal disease. AAFCO establishes minimum and maximum levels of iron.
Isoleucine is an essential amino acid present in most common proteins. Isoleucine is necessary for hemoglobin formation and in stabilizing and regulating blood sugar and energy levels.
J
K
Kale
Kale is a form of cabbage (Brassica oleracea) green in color, in which the central leaves do not form a head. Kale is considered to be one of the most highly nutritious vegetables, with sulfer containing phytonutrients that may aid the liver's natural detoxification pathways. Kale is very high in beta carotene, vitamin K, vitamin A, vitamin C, lutein, zeaxanthin, and reasonably rich in calcium.
Kelp
Kelp is a general term used to describe large brown seaweeds. Seaweeds have been used throughout the world for centuries as a rich source of natural organic minerals and vitamins like iodine, potassium and calcium. The thyroid gland depends upon minerals, especially iodine, to function properly and to secrete adequate amounts of thyroxin (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). These hormones influence metabolic rate and body temperature. Kelp is not only rich in iodine, but is also an additional natural source of beta-carotene, B vitamins, and vitamin C. However, kelp can vary in quality.
Kibbled corn consists of the dry product obtained by cooking cracked corn under steam pressure and extruding from an expeller or other mechanical pressure device.
The kidney is one of a pair of organs in the body that excretes waste products of metabolism. It consists chiefly of nephrons by which urine is secreted, collected and discharged into the bladder.
When the name of an organ appears by itself on the pet food label, there is no way to know which kind of animal it came from.
L
L-Ascorbyl-2-Polyphosphate
L-Ascorbyl-2-Polyphosphate is source of Vitamin C. Vitamin C is critical for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants, and is a beneficial antioxidant. While dogs and cats can produce their own Vitamin C, dietary vitamin C may help in stressful times such as travel or strenuous exercise. Excess vitamin C is excreted harmlessly in urine.
L-Carnitine*
L-Carnitine is an amino acid that increases fat metabolism, lowers cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Also promotes enhanced endurance.
One of two naturally occurring sulfur amino acids. The other is the essential amino acid, methionine. Although Cysteine isn’t essential it can work in concert with methionine to meet the total requirement for sulfur amino acids.
Lactobacillus bulgaricus
Lactobacillus bulgaricus is a beneficial bacteria is used to ferment milk into yogurt. This species of bacteria ferments or breaks down lactose (milk sugar), causing yogurt to have a slightly tangy taste. Live yogurt cultures may have positive actions in the gut where they function as a probitoic.
Lamb
Lamb is a sheep less than 1 year of age. It is an excellent source of highly digestible meat protein, and contains many essential nutrients (including high levels of zinc) for stamina, skin, and heart health. It is considered a hypoallergenic protein and used in many diets for pets with GI distress. Lamb is a complete protein meaning it contains all essential amino acids. Amino acids and fatty acids are more readily available in lamb since it is not subjected to a high heat process.
Lamb bone meal is the dried and ground sterilized product from the wet cooking of undecomposed lamb bones.
Lamb Broth
Lamb broth comes from cooking lamb bones and/or muscle tissue with water, and must contain no less than 90% crude protein on a dry matter basis. Lamb broth adds natural flavors and beneficial moisture to pet foods.
Lamb by-products consist of the rendered, clean parts of the carcass of slaughtered lambs, such as heads, feet, viscera, free from fecal content and foreign matter except in such amounts as might occur unavoidably in good processing practices.
Lamb digest is a material which results from chemical and/or enzymatic hydrolysis of clean and undecomposed lamb tissue. Lamb digest is a palatability enhancer made by reducing (cooking down) lamb meat and fat into a concentrated liquid or dry product.
Lamb fat is obtained from the tissues of lambs in the commercial process of rendering or extracting. Lamb fat is a quality single-source oil. The linoleic acid is important for skin and coat health.
Lamb Hearts
Lamb hearts are a nutrient-rich striated muscle meat, and are a good source of thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, Vitamin B6, phosphorus, iron, zinc, and most importantly taurine.
Lamb Kidney
Lamb kidneys are a mineral rich organ, with high protein and little fat.
Lamb Liver
Lamb liver is a nutrient-rich organ meat, and is a good source of protein, Vitamin A, and other vitamins/minerals.
Lamb Meal
Lamb meal is the clean combination of the flesh and skin of lamb with the moisture removed. High-quality lamb meal is an excellent source of highly digestible meat protein, which contains many valuable nutrients (including essential amino acids and high levels of zinc) for stamina, skin, and heart health. High quality, protein specific meals are simply a dried and more concentrated form of the meat, poultry or fish protein. It is important to make sure the meal is protein specific (Beef Meal, Lamb Meal), and not generic like Meat Meal or By-Product Meal which by definition can contain any species of animal.
Lamb stock is obtained by steam cooking USDA edible, fresh, wholesome lamb bones containing meat and muscle tissue at least 3 hours at a minimum temperature of 180 degrees F and then drying the extracted broth. Lamb stock is the result of cooking lamb bones in water.
Lard is the rendered fat of swine.
Lecithin
Lecithin is a phospholipid, a fatlike substance found in many food ingredients such as egg. As a functional ingredient, it helps to emulsify fats into smaller, more useable fatty acids. Lecithin is needed by every cell in the body as it is a key player in cell membrane repair and construction.
Lentils
Lentils are rich in B vitamins and protein. Also, rich in fiber that promotes a healthy heart and lower cholesterol.
Lettuce
Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) is a temperate annual or biennial plant of the daisy family Asteraceae, grown as a leaf vegetable. There are many cultivars of lettuce ranging from bib to red leaf. The darker pigmented cultivars are rich in antioxidants. Lettuce is mostly water, but contains folate and beneficial beta-carotene as well as vitamin C, and potassium.
Leucine is an amino acid obtainable by the hydrolysis of most common proteins. Leucine is needed not only for protein synthesis, but also for a sound immune system. It is found in high concentration in muscle tissue.
Linoleic acid is an essential fatty acid derived from edible fats and oils.
Liver is the hepatic gland of a mammal.
Liver digest is a material which results from chemical and/or enzymatic hydrolysis of clean and undecomposed liver tissue. Liver digest is used by some manufacturers as a flavor enhancer.
Liver meal is the dried product of ground hepatic glands of mammals.
Locust bean gum is a natural extract from the seed of the carob tree. It is also known as carob gum. Locust bean gum is a natural product used as a gelling agent, stabilizer or emulsifier.
Lysine
Needed for proper growth and bone development. Aids in the production of antibodies, hormones, and enzymes as well as collagen formation and tissue repair.
M
Mackerel is a food fish of the North Atlantic.
Magnesium is a cation within the body's cells, active in many enzyme systems. Magnesium is very important for cell energy production. It influences calcium levels inside cells, helps transport sodium and potassium across cell membranes, and aids bone growth. It also helps transmit electrical impulses across nerves and muscles, which generates a neuromuscular contraction causing muscles to flex.
A very bioavailable source of the essential mineral, magnesium.
Maize is another name for corn.
Manganese is a micromineral and functions as a component of several cell enzymes that catalyze metabolic reactions. Manganese is necessary for normal bone development and reproduction. Foods that are good sources of manganese include legumes and whole-grain cereals. Naturally occurring manganese deficiency has not been reported in either dogs or cats.
Manganese Amino Acid Complex
Manganese is an essential mineral for normal growth and development, aids in carbohydrate metabolism, promotes nerve functions, aids in formation of connective tissue and is involved in the antioxidation process.
Manganese Proteinate
Manganese is a trace mineral critical for brain and nervous system function. Our manganese is specially bonded (chelated) with amino acids to enhance absorption and assimilation. Manganese is also a key component of several cell enzymes that catalyze metabolic reactions and help the body use vitamin E and B1. Manganese is necessary for normal bone development and reproduction. Foods that are good sources of manganese include legumes and whole-grain cereals. Naturally occurring manganese deficiency has not been reported in either dogs or cats
The natural solution for petfood manufacturers wishing to include lutein esters. Exhibits anti-microbial & anti-inflamatory properties, stimulating production of white cells & strengthening the immune system. Meets AAFCO's definitiion of natural.
Marigold is used as a source of pigment for poultry feed. To remove pigment, blossoms, either fresh or after having been stored in silos, are pressed to remove water.
Meal
Meal is a dried and more concentrated form of the mammal, poultry or fish protein from striated muscle. If you feed a high quality kibble diet with “Chicken Meal” as the first ingredient, you know your pet is getting all of the benefits of this highly digestible protein. It is important to make sure the meal is protein specific (Beef Meal, Lamb Meal), and not generic like Meat Meal or By-Product Meal which by definition can contain any species of animal.
Meat broth is obtained by cooking meat from a mammal, including bones and /or muscle, in much the same process as making a stock. Meat broth adds moisture and increases the protein and palatability level of food.
Meat by-products are the non-rendered, clean parts, other than meat, derived from slaughtered mammals. It includes, but is not limited to, lungs, spleen, kidneys, brain, livers, blood, bone, partially defatted low temperature fatty tissue, and stomachs and intestines freed of their contents. It does not include hair, horns, teeth and hoofs. Because of the multiple organs used, by-products may have changing proportions with variable nutrient levels.
Meat meal is the rendered product from mammal tissues, exclusive of any added blood, hair, hoof, horn hide trimmings, manure, stomach and rumen contents except in such amounts as may occur unavoidably in good processing practices.
Menadione Sodium Bisulfite Complex (Vitamin K3)– Currently the only AAFCO-approved, safe, and effective source of vitamin K activity for cat foods and treats.
Menhaden Fish
Menhaden are cold water, free ranging fish and a rich source of nutritious oils to help support healthy skin and a glossy coat. They are caught fresh and immediately frozen at sea to retain freshness and quality.
Menhaden Fish Meal
Menhaden Fish Meal is the clean, dried, ground tissue of undecomposed whole menhaden or menhaden cuttings. Menhaden are caught fresh and immediately frozen at sea to retain freshness and quality prior to processing. Menhaden are cold water, free ranging fish. Menhaden fish is an excellent source of protein, essential amino acids, and Omega 3 fatty acids
Menhaden Fish Oil
Menhaden are cold water, free ranging fish. They are caught fresh and immediately frozen at sea to retain freshness and quality. The whole fish is then used to extract oil, which is never preserved with chemicals. The oil is a rich source of nutritious Omega-3 fatty acids to help support healthy skin, glossy coat, and a balanced immune system.
Met-Cysteine is a compound of Methionine and Cysteine.
Methionine is a natural amino acid. Methionine is a principle supplier of sulfur which is required for formation of many other compounds in the body.
Millet
Millet is the term used to describe a group of small-seeded plants that belong to several different genera. Millets have been used for human food for thousands of years, long before rice. It is rich in B vitamins, especially niacin, B6 and folacin, calcium, iron, potassium, magnesium, and zinc. Millet, while technically a grain, is gluten-free.
Milo is another name for sorghum. Sorghum is a member of the grass family.
Minerals are inorganic substances essential for a host of vital processes within the body. AAFCO regulates minimum standard quantities of minerals in levels that pets need to survive. All pet food manufacturers supplement their products with minerals.
Mixed Tocopherols
Tocopherols are a mixture of vitamin E isomers. When mixed with rosemary and citric acid, they provide a potent natural preservative, which also supplies a small amount of the benefits of dietary vitamin E. Helps maintain normal heart and joint function.
Moisture represents the water provided by the food. The moisture level of dry pet food generally ranges from 7% to 10%, while the moisture level of canned foods generally ranges from 75% to 80%.
Molasses
Molasses is a flavorful, natural sugar extracted from the sugar cane plant. Blackstrap Molasses is produced from the third boiling of cane sap, and has a dark, rich color.
Montmorillonite Clay
Montmorillonite is a clay that is primarily colloidal silicate, which contains over 50 ultra-trace mineral compounds including Antimony, Barium, Beryllium, Boron, Bromine, Cadmium, Carbon, Cerium, Cesium, Chloride, Chromium, Cobalt, Copper, Dysprosium, Fluoride, Gadolinium, Gallium, Germanium, Iodine, Lanthanum, Lithium, Manganese, Neodymium, Nickel, Phosphorus, Rhenium, Rubidium, Samarium, Scandium, Silicon, Silver, Strontium, Sulfur, Tellurium, Thallium, Thorium, Tin, Titanium, Vanadium, Ytterbium, Yttrium, Zinc, and Zirconium. Feed studies by the Veterinary Medical Diagnostics Laboratory at Texas A&M University have shown that Montmorillonite clays can sequester (bind) aflatoxins contained in grains and oilseeds.
N
Natural Chicken Flavor
Natural chicken flavor is chicken broth that has been dried into a powder. It is used as seasoning.
Rosemary is a woody, perennial herb with fragrant evergreen needle-like leaves. It is native to the Mediterranean region. It is a member of the mint family Lamiaceae, which also includes many other herbs.
As an herb, sage is considered to have a slight peppery flavor. The extractives of sage are utilized primarily in the processed meat industry.
Natural Flavor
The parts of processed fruits, vegetables, spices or fermentation products that are used for flavoring.
Natural Lamb Flavor
Natural lamb flavor is lamb broth that has been dried into a powder. It is used as seasoning.
Naturox is a registered trademark that is an all-natural free flowing antioxidant for use in the preservations of oils, fats, fat soluble vitamins, flavors, aromas, carotenoids and other oxygen-sensitive material.
Niacin Supplement
Niacin (Vitamin B3) is a water soluble vitamin that cannot be stored in the body because any unused niacin is excreted in urine. Niacin functions in over 50 body processes and is primarily important in the release of energy from carbohydrates. Niacin aids in the breakdown of carbohydrates, protein and fats, in the formation of red blood cells and in the detoxification of several drugs and chemicals. The diversity of niacin's roles makes it essential for the supply of energy to and the maintenance of all body cells. It is an essential vitamin for a healthy nervous system and brain function and is one of the first vitamins to be used–up in times of stress.
O
Oat bran is the coarse outer covering of the oat kernel as separated from cleaned and scoured oat in the usual process of commercial milling.
Oat Fiber
Oat fiber is an all natural purified form of fiber extracted from the outer layer of the oat grain, the oat hulls or husks. It is an excellent source of both soluble and insoluble fiber and a very rich source of heart healthy beta-glucans.
Oat flour is the finely ground and bolted meal obtained from milling oats.
Oat groats are cleaned oats with the hulls removed.
Oat Hulls consists primarily of the outer covering of oats, obtained in the milling of table cereals or in the groating of oats from clean oats.
Oatmeal
Oatmeal is coarsely ground unsifted oats, a whole grain. It is harvested from the seed bearing fruit of the oat plant (Avena sativa), which is grown in the North Central USA. Oatmeal is a beneficial source of fiber, B vitamins, and beta-glucans. Oats are gluten-free. Oatmeal is known to help protect against heart disease, diabetes and cancer as well as help to lower cholesterol and maintain the proper levels of blood sugar.
Ocean fish is undecomposed whole fish or cuttings.
Ocean fish meal is the clean, dried, ground tissue of undecomposed whole fish or fish cutings, either or both, with or without the extraction of part of the oil.
Olive Oil
Olive oil is fruit oil obtained from the olive (Olea europaea) which is grown in arid, subtropical climates. Olive oil is considered healthy because of its high content of monounsaturated fat (mainly oleic acid) and polyphenols.
Omega 3 fatty acids are a family of fatty acids found in fat sources such as flaxseed and fish oil. Flaxseed is a good source of alpha-linolenic acid (18:3n-3), while fish oils are a good source of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docoahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3)
Omega 6 fatty acids are a family of fatty acids found in fat sources such as chicken fat and vegetable oils. Linoleic acid (18:2n-6) is an essential fatty acid for dogs and cats that is important for maintaining a healthy skin and coat.
Onion powder is a dried flavoring ingredient made by processing the dry matter from broth into granular form. Onion powder, although a pleasant flavoring for human foods, should not be used in pet products. Onions contain a substance called thiosulphate which dogs and cats lack the enzyme to properly metabolize.
Organic Alfalfa Sprouts
Alfalfa sprouts are the young tender shoots of the alfalfa plant, a legume. Our certified organic alfalfa sprouts have been grown without pesticides, preservatives, or synthetic fertilizers. They are rich in phyto-estrogens and they are a wholesome source of protein, vitamin A, vitamin K, thiamin, calcium and iron. Alfalfa sprouts also provide a healthy dose of fiber, vitamin C, vitamin K, riboflavin, folate, magnesium, phosphorus, zinc, copper, manganese, calcium and iron.
Organic Apples
The apple is the pomaceous fruit of the apple tree. Our certified organic apples have been grown without pesticides, perservatives, or synthetic fertilizers. They are rich in Vitamin C as well as a host of other unique antioxidant and botanical compounds such as flavenoids. Organic apples provide both soluble and insoluble fiber, some vitamin C, beta carotene, potassium and boron.
Organic Blueberries
Blueberries are the edible fruit of the blueberry bush. Our certified organic blueberries have been grown without pesticides, perservatives, or synthetic fertilizers. Organic blueberries are a source of powerful antioxidants that may help support health and vitality.
Organic Bok Choy
Bok choy is a member of the brassica family. Our certified organic bok choy has been grown without pesticides, perservatives, or synthetic fertilizers. Organic bok choy is rich in Vitamin C, and is a beneficial source of beta-carotene, folic acid, and calcium.
Organic Carrots
Carrots are technically tubers or the nutrient-engorged roots of the carrot plant, a member of the parsley family. Our certified organic carrots have been grown without pesticides, perservatives, or synthetic fertilizers. Organic carrots are a source of important vitamins, minerals, and carotenoids to help support the immune system and aid digestion. They may also help support proper skin and eye health.
Organic Chicken
Organic chicken is the clean combination of flesh and skin (with or without accompanying bone), that comes from the parts or whole carcasses of chicken that have been fed only organic grains and were never given antibiotics, hormones, or drugs. Organic chicken is an excellent source of highly digestible, lean protein, and essential amino acids.
Organic Chicken Eggs
Organic eggs are from chickens that have been fed only organic grains and were never given antibiotics, hormones, or drugs. Eggs are often known as one of the best complete foods, providing a complete amino acid profile including other essential nutrients necessary to ensure optimal health.
Organic Chicken Hearts
Organic chicken hearts come from the parts or whole carcasses of chicken that have been fed only organic grains and were never given antibiotics, hormones, or drugs. Organic hearts are a nutrient-rich striated muscle meat and are a good source of thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, Vitamin B6, phosphorus, iron, zinc, and most importantly taurine.
Organic Chicken Liver
Organic chicken liver comes from the parts or whole carcasses of chicken that have been fed only organic grains and were never given antibiotics, hormones, or drugs. Liver is a nutrient-rich organ meat, and is a good source of lean protein, Vitamin A, and iron. The liver is a multi-faceted organ and while it does participate in detoxification of the body, these toxins do not build up in the liver tissue– they are voided. As a result, it is safe to consume in appropriate quantities.
Organic Flaxseed Oil
Flaxseed is the whole seed of the flax plant (genus Linum) from which oil can be obtained. Organic flaxseed oil is produced without preservatives, pesticides, or synthetic fertilizers. Our certified organic flaxseed oil is a high-quality source of essential fatty acids (particularly Omega-3’s) and other essential nutrients. Essential fatty acids are vital for the health of skin, coat, cardiovascular, immune, reproduction, and nervous system. When in the proper ratio with Omega-6 fatty acids, Omega-3 fatty acids may help inflammatory reactions in skin.
Organic Parsley
Parsley is an annual herb (Petroselinum crispum). Our certified organic parsley has been grown without pesticides, perservatives, or synthetic fertilizers. Organic parsley serves as a beneficial dietary source of antioxidants, chlorophyll, Vitamin A, Vitamin C, and Vitamin K.
Organic Pears
A pear is the juicy fruit of the pear tree in the genus Pyrus. Our certified organic pears have been grown without pesticides, perservatives, or synthetic fertilizers. Organic pears provide a benficial dietary source of both potassium and fiber.
Organic Persimmons
A persimmon is the edible fruit from a variety of species of trees of the genus Diospyros. Persimmons can be found growing naturally in the forests of many countries including the United States and are a favorite fruit of many animals that forage in the wild for their food. Our certified organic persimmons have been grown without pesticides, perservatives, or synthetic fertilizers. This fruit is a good nutritional source of Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Iron, carotenoids, and dietary fiber.
Organic Raw Ground Chicken Bone
Organic raw chicken bone comes from the parts or whole carcasses of chicken that have been fed only organic grains and were never given antibiotics, hormones, or drugs. Organic bone is an excellent source of minerals, essential fatty acids, proteins, and enzymes, and has always been important part of a dog and cat’s natural diet. Bone contains calcium and phosphorus in the correct ratio and is the most bio-available source. It is also a significant source of Glucosamine and Chondroitin, naturally occurring compounds associated with joint health.
Organic Yogurt
Organic yogurt is comprised of Organic Grade A Pasteurized Milk, Organic Nonfat Milk, Fructan, Pectin, and Live and Active Yogurt Cultures (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium lactis, Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus casei). The milk products in this yogurt are from organically-raised dairy cows, which are not given hormones or antibiotics and graze on organic feeds and grasses. Our certified organic yogurt is a very good source of calcium, phosphorous, riboflavin-vitamin B2 and iodine. It is also a beneficial source of vitamin B12, pantothenic acid-vitamin B5, zinc, potassium, and protein.
P
Pantothenic Acid*
Essential for the metabolism of fats, fatty acids and the production of hormones, sterols and enzymes. It is helpful in the prevention of diseases of the GI tract and the immune system, particularly diseases of the adrenal gland system. Important in cell building and the central nervous system.
Papain is a protein-cleaving enzyme derived from papaya and certain other plants. Papain aids in protein digestion. It is most often used as a meat tenderizer.
The papaya is the fruit of the tree Carica papaya, in the genus Carica. Originally from southern Mexico, Central America and northern South America, the papaya is now cultivated in most tropical countries.
Paprika Oleoresin is a natural food colorant used to obtain a deep red color in any food that has a liquid/fat phase.
PABA, or para-aminobenzoic acid, like choline and inositol, has not yet been "officially" recognized as a vitamin. The most common use of PABA is as a sunscreen. Natural sources include grains, yeast and foods of animal origin. Deficiencies of PABA have not been found and most nutritionists do not consider it an essential nutrient.
Parsley
Parsley is an annual herb (Petroselinum crispum) that serves as a dietary source of antioxidants, chlorophyll, Vitamin A, Vitamin C, and Vitamin K.
Pea fiber is derived from cleaned and processed pea hulls. Pea fiber is a good source of both insoluble and soluble fiber that helps support normal bowel health.
Peanut Butter
Peanut butter is a mixture of roasted, crushed peanuts and peanut oil. It is a natural source of protein and contains fat for energy. Peanuts, a member of the legume family like alfalfa and green beans, are also known to contain many B vitamins.
Peanut hulls consist of the outer hull of the peanut shell.
The cultivated peanut or groundnut originated in South America and is now grown throughout the tropical and warm temperate regions of the world. Peanuts are in the legume or dried bean family.
Pearled barley is barley that has been dehulled by machine brushing. Pearled barley has the bran removed but leaves the endosperm and germ intact, thereby contributing additional protein, barley oil and vitamins and minerals to the diet.
Pears
A pear is the juicy fruit of the pear tree in the genus Pyrus. Pears provide a dietary source of potassium and fiber.
Peas
Garden peas (Pisum sativum) are an annual vine that has been cultivated for its rounded smooth or wrinkled edible seeds. Green peas are a fresh vegetable source of protein and contain a good source of Vitamins B, C, and A, fiber, and vitamin K1.
Peppermint is a sterile hybrid mint, a cross between Watermint and Spearmint. Peppermint is used as a flavoring agent.
Persimmons
A persimmon is the edible fruit from a variety of species of trees of the genus Diospyros. Persimmons can be found growing naturally in the forest of many countries including the United States and are a favorite fruit of many animals that forage in the wild for their food. This fruit is a good nutritional source of Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Iron, carotenoids, and dietary fiber.
Phe-Tyrosine is a compound of Phenylalanine and Tyrosine, an essential amino acid.
Pheasant Eggs
The common pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) is a seed and insect eating bird in the same taxonomic order as the domesticated chicken. Often known as one of the best complete foods, eggs provide a complete amino acid profile including other essential nutrients necessary to ensure optimal health.
Phenylalanine is an essential amino acid present in the mixture obtained upon hydrolysis of common proteins. Phenylalanine is converted to tyrosine in the body. Tyrosine is an amino acid that is used to manufacture adrenal and thyroid hormones, and is converted into the skin pigment, melanin. Since the body cannot make this amino acid in sufficient quantity to meet its needs, it must be supplied by the diet.
Phosphorus is a major mineral found mostly in body's bones and teeth. Phosphorus is part of every cell. It is important in genetic material, is a part of phospholipids and is used in energy transfer and in buffer systems that maintain acid-base balance.
Pineapple
The pineapple (Ananas comosus) is a perennial tropical plant that produces a fused cluster of sweet fruit. Pineapple is an excellent source of manganese and Vitamin C.
A plum is a stone fruit tree. Plum fruit is sweet, juicy and edible, and it can be eaten fresh or used in jam-making or other recipes. Dried plums are known as prunes.
Pork
Pork is the meat from hogs, or domestic swine. Pork is considered a hypo-allergenic and highly palatable meat. Also, of all animal-based protein, pork protein is the most digestible and has the most favorable amino acid profile.
Pork by-products consist of the rendered, clean parts of the carcass of slaughtered pigs, such as heads, feet, viscera, free from fecal content and foreign matter except in such amounts as might occur unavoidably in good processing practices.
Pork Fat
Pork fat is the non-rendered adipose tissue from just under the flesh of pigs. It is high in Linoleic Acid and medium chain fatty acids with a balanced ratio of saturated and monounsaturated fat to help maintain cell membrane integrity.
Pork Hearts
Pork hearts are a lean striated muscle protein that is low in Sodium. They are also a good source of Vitamin B6, iron,zinc, and most importantly taurine. Of all animal-based protein, pork protein is the most digestible, with the most favorable amino acid profile of any mammalian meat protein.
Pork Liver
Pork liver is from hogs, or domestic swine, and is a very good source of lean protein. Our nutritious pork liver is also rich in vitamins and minerals, including Thiamin, Manganese, Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Iron, Phosphorus, Zinc, Copper, and Selenium. These vitamins and minerals help provide complete and balanced nutrition for dogs and cats.
Pork meal is the dry rendered (cooked down) product from a combination of clean flesh and skin (with or without accompanying bone), derived from the parts of whole carcasses of pigs or a combination thereof -- exclusive of head, feet or entrails.
Potassium
Potassium is important for a healthy nervous system and a regular heart rhythm. Aids in proper muscle contraction and maintaining stable blood pressure.
Potassium Chloride
Potassium Chloride is a compound that closely resembles and tastes like table salt. It supplies the correct ratio of potassium and chloride, two elements that are critical to cell membrane function and permeability.
Potassium Iodide
Potassium Iodide is used as a bioavailable source of iodide. Iodide is essential for thyroid health; it promotes normal cell function and is important in the formation of bones, teeth, muscles, and blood.
Potato Flour is a type of flour produced from cooked, dried, and ground potatoes. Potato flour is produced from the entire dehydrated potato.
Potato Starch
Potato starch is an all natural ingredient that is extracted from the potato tuber via a series of washing, peeling, grating, and drying steps. Potato starch is over 75% digestible and considered hypo-allergenic.
Potatoes
Potatoes provide B vitamins, carbohydrates, Vitamin C, potassium, iron and magnesium to name a few.
Poultry is the clean combination of flesh and skin with or without accompanying bone, derived from the parts or whole carcasses of poultry or a combination of thereof - exclusive of feathers, heads, feet, and entrails.
Poultry by-product meal consists of the ground, rendered, clean parts of the carcasses of slaughtered poultry, such as necks, feet, undeveloped eggs, and intestines -- exclusive of feathers except in such amounts as might occur unavoidably in good processing practices.
Poultry by-products must consist of non-rendered clean parts of carcasses of slaughtered poultry such as heads, feet, viscera, free from fecal content and foreign matter except in such trace amounts as might occur unavoidably in good factory practice. Because the multiple organs used, by-products may have changing proportions with variable nutrient levels.
Poultry digest is a palatability enhancer made by reducing (cooking down) meat and fat into concentrated liquid or dry product.
Poultry fat is obtained from the tissues of poultry in the commercial process of rendering or extracting.
Powdered cellulose is purified, mechanically disintegrated cellulose prepared by processing alpha cellulose obtained as a pulp from fibrous plant materials.
Prebiotics
Prebiotics, such as inulin, can be thought of as food for the beneficial bacteria that live in your pet’s digestive tract. It is a special type of insoluble fiber that only bacteria can breakdown. Bacteria ferment this fiber and generate amino acids, volatile fatty acids (VFA), and vitamins.
Probiotics
Probiotics are beneficial bacteria that live in your pets’ intestinal tract. They ferment specific nutrients (insoluble fiber) and in turn provide amino acids, vitamins and volatile fatty acids (VFA) to nourish your pet’s large intestine and overall body. Probiotics may aid digestion and may prevent harmful bacteria from colonizing the intestinal tract. Prebiotics, such as inulin, can be thought of as food for the probiotics. Bacteria ferment this type of fiber.
Protein is a complex nitrogenous compound made up of amino acids. Proteins are complex molecules that, like carbohydrates and fats, contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Proteins in the body have numerous functions. They are the major structural components of hair, feathers, skin, nails, tendons, ligaments and cartilage. The degree to which a dog or cat is able to use dietary protein as a source of amino acids and nitrogen is affected by both the digestibility and the quality of the protein included in the diet. Proteins that are highly digestible and contain all of the essential amino acids in their proper proportions relative to the animal's needs are considered high-quality proteins.
Psyllium Seed Husk
Psyllium seed husk, used as a fiber supplement, is obtained by milling the seed of the plant Plantago ovata to remove the hulls. It is a class of plant carbohydrate that resists digestion hydrolysis. Psylium seed husk is cleaned, dried seed coat separated by winnowing and thrashing of psyllium seeds. It is to be used in some foods as a source of dietary fiber.
Pumpkin
Pumpkin is a fruit of the species Cucurbita pepo or Cucurbita mixta. Although the pumpkin is botanically classified as a fruit (the ripened ovary of a flowering plant), it is widely regarded as a fiber and carotenoid dense vegetable. Pumpkin flesh is a good source of beneficial fiber, Vitamin A, and Vitamin C.
Pumpkinseeds
Pumpkinseeds are a natural source of beneficial fiber, protein, and other trace nutrients. Seeds, such as pumpkinseeds, are rich in vitamins, minerals, and linoleic acid, making them one of the densest sources of nutrition available
Pyridoxine Hydrochloride
Pyridoxine Hydrochloride is an organic form of Vitamin B6. Vitamin B6 is a water-soluble organic compound that is an essential micronutrient for microorganisms and animals as it is needed to make DNA and participates in over 60 enzyme reactions. It is integrally involved in transport, synthesis, and breakdown of amino acids and carbohydrates. Vitamin B6 aids in the absorption of antibodies and red blood cells. The pyridoxine requirement of an animal is directly proportional to the level of protein in the diet and degree of stress.
Q
Quail Eggs
Quail are groups of small sized seed and insect eating birds in the same taxonomic family as pheasants. Often known as one of the best complete foods, eggs provide a complete amino acid profile including other essential nutrients necessary to ensure optimal health. Whole eggs, including the shells, are incorporated into our diets for additional natural calcium and to ensure a better and more complete nutrient profile.
Quinoa
Quinoa (pronounced key-no-wa) is a species of goosefoot (Chenopodium) grown primarily for its edible seeds. It is highly appreciated for its nutritional value, as it is one of the few plants that provide extremely high and complete amino acid content. It is also a good source of dietary fiber and phosphorus and is high in magnesium and iron. Quinoa is gluten free and considered easy to digest.
R
Rabbit
Rabbit is lean striated muscle from vegetarian-fed rabbits bred specifically for meat production, much like chickens or cattle. This unique protein can be a healthy and palatable solution for pets with allergies to common proteins.
Rabbit Hearts
Rabbit hearts are a striated, nutrient-rich muscle meat and are a good source of thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, Vitamin B6, phosphorus, iron, zinc, and importantly taurine.
Rabbit Liver
Rabbit liver is a nutrient-rich organ meat, and is a good source of protein, Vitamin A, and other vitamins and minerals. The liver is a multi-faceted organ and while it does participate in detoxification of the body, these toxins do not build up in the liver tissue– they are voided. As a result, liver is safe to consume in appropriate quantities.
Rabbit Lung
Rabbit lungs are a beneficial organ that supply needed amino acids
Rabbit Meal
Rabbit meal is the lean striated muscle from vegetarian-fed rabbits (bred specifically for meat production) with the moisture removed. Our high quality rabbit meal is an excellent source of highly digestible, rich meat protein. High quality, protein specific meals are simply a dried and more concentrated form of the meat, poultry or fish protein. It is important to make sure the meal is protein specific (Beef Meal, Lamb Meal), and not generic like Meat Meal or By-Product Meal which by definition can contain any species of animal.
Red peppers are a pungent, red, podlike fruit of the pepper plant. Red peppers are especially high in vitamin C and antioxidants and would be an excellent addition to any pet food.
Red winter wheat is a cereal. Winter wheats are planted in the fall, from September through December. Winter wheat sprouts before freezing occurs, then becomes dormant until the soil warms up in the spring. The wheat grows and matures until ready to be harvested by early July.
Riboflavin Supplement
Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) is a water-soluble vitamin. Vitamin B2 is essential for the normal release of energy from carbohydrate, protein and fat in food. It is important for normal growth and development, the production of and regulation of certain hormones, and eye pigment formation. It is a critical component in flavoprotein co-enzymes, the molecules that help make energy for cells. Low levels can lead to dermatitis, eye lesions, and poor growth.
Rice, unless listed as brown rice, is the de-hulled rice kernel, without the bran -- known as white rice.
Rice Bran
The outer husk and germ of the rice grain that is a good fiber source, as well as one of the richest sources of vitamins, minerals and antioxidants.
Rice Flour
Rice flour consists principally of the soft, finely ground and bolted meal obtained from milling rice (containing essentially the starch and gluten of the endosperm) together with fine particles of rice bran and the offal from the 'tail of the mill.'
Rice hulls consists primarily of the outer covering of the rice.
Rice oil is the oil obtained from the repeated pressing of rice grains.
Rice protein concentrate is the concentrated protein fraction of rice grains resulting from the rice wet milling process.
Rolled oats are oats that have been flattened by compressing them between rollers. This process keeps the oats' natural nutrients intact in contrast to the fractionated oat ingredients used by some manufacturers such as oat bran or oat flour, which have been leeched of much of their nutritional value.
The rose hip is the pomaceous fruit of the rose plant. It is typically red to orange but may be dark purple to black in some species.
Rosemary
Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) is an evergreen shrub native to the Mediterranean region and highly sought after for its culinary uses. Rosemary is known as an antioxidant and is an effective natural preservative.
Rye
A grain providing high–quality carbohydrates for energy. It is not commonly used in pet foods and minimizes the potential of allergic reactions commonly associated with corn or wheat.
S
Safflower oil is obtained by extracting oil from safflower seeds.
Sage
Sage is a culinary herb and a member of the genus Salvia. Used for centuries to treat a variety of ailments including sore throats, sage is known to contain oils with antiseptic and antifungal properties.
Sage extract is the oil removed from the sage plant by heat or mechanical pressure.
Salmon
Salmon is the common name for several species of fish of the family Salmonidae. Salmon is high in essential amino acids, easy to digest, and is considered hypo-allergenic. Salmon contains an abundance of Omega Fatty Acids to help nourish healthy skin and modulate the body’s inflammatory responses.
Salmon Meal
Salmon meal is the clean, dried, ground tissue of undecomposed whole salmon or salmon cuttings. Our salmon meal is from wild-caught, Alaskan salmon. Salmon is easy to digest and contains an abundance of essential amino acids and Omega Fatty Acids to help nourish healthy skin and modulate the body’s inflammatory responses.
Salmon Oil
Salmon oil is an excellent source of essential amino acids and Omega-3 Fatty Acids to help balance the ratio of Omega-6 to Omega-3 fatty acids for a healthy skin and coat. Omega-3 fatty acids are known to modulate the body’s inflammatory responses, such as arthritis. The source of the salmon from which this oil is derived is the pristine, unpolluted waters off the North Sea Coast of Norway.
Salt
Salt is a mineral complex of sodium and chloride. It is obtained by naturally mining salt deposits in the Earth’s crust. Sodium is essential to maintaining proper acid-base balance, cell function, and hydration. AAFCO has minimum sodium requirements for pet food to be compete and balanced..
Sardine meal is the clean, rendered (cooked down), dried ground tissue of undecomposed whole sardine fish or sardine fish cuttings, either or both, with or without the extraction of part of the oil.
The sea cucumber is an echinoderm of the class Holothuroidea, with an elongated body and leathery skin and is mostly found on the sea floor worldwide.
Sea Salt
Sea salt in a natural mineral complex; it is source of sodium, chloride, and many other beneficial trace minerals. It is obtained by evaporating seawater. Sodium is essential to maintaining proper acid-base balance, cell function, and hydration. AAFCO has minimum sodium requirements for pet food to be compete and balanced.
Selenium is an essential trace mineral. Selenium is a major antioxidant nutrient that protects cell membranes and prevents free radical generation,. Selenium also helps preserve tissue elasticity. Selenium works closely with the antioxidant vitamin E. Sources include cereal grains, meat, fish and some yeast.
Sesame is a flowering plant in the genus Sesamum. It is widely naturalized in tropical regions around the world and is cultivated for its edible seeds. Sesame is grown primarily for its oil-rich seeds. The small, cream-white sesame seed is used whole in cooking for its rich nutty flavor, and also yields a cooking oil.
Nonfat or skim milk must by law contain less than .5% milk fat.
Sodium ascorbate is a non-acidic form of vitamin C. Vitamin C is a water soluble vitamin that passes out of the body every day. Sodium ascorbate has a neutral pH, making it safer for sensitive stomachs. Sodium ascorbate is simply a mixed compound comprised of ascorbic acid (pure vitamin C) and sodium salt. Because of its' low pH, ascorbic acid can cause gastric upset. The sodium salt buffers the acidity and yields a compound with a neutral pH that is gentle on the stomach.
Sodium chloride is an ionic crystalline chemical compound consisting of equal numbers of sodium and chlorine atoms (table salt). Sodium chloride must be declared as "salt" on the label. Sodium chloride is used in some commercial pet foods as a source of essential sodium and chloride minerals.
Sodium Hexametaphosphate is prepared by melting monosodium orthophosphate, followed by rapid cooling. It is used as a sequestrant and has applications in a wide variety of industries, including as a food additive.
Sodium Phosphate
Phosphorus is a component of DNA and RNA and an essential element for all living cells. Phosphorus can exist in combination with sodium or potassium in a salt form called “phosphate.”
Sodium Propionate is a chemical preservative.
Sodium Selenite
Sodium Selenite is an essential trace mineral and a major antioxidant nutrient. It provides dietary selenium which is involved with cellular reactions, pancreatic and thymic function, DNA repair, immunity and the detoxification of heavy metals. In combination with vitamins C and E, selenium is optimally absorbed and helps support the immune system. Corn is very high in selenium followed by fishmeal.
A white crystalline carboxylic acid used as a preservative.
Sorbitol is a bulk sweetener found in numerous food products. Sorbitol is about 60 percent as sweet as sucrose with one-third fewer calories.
Sorghum is the ground grain of the sorghum plant.
Soy flour is the finely powdered material resulting from the screened and graded product after removal of most of the oil from selected, sound, cleaned and dehulled soybeans by a mechanical or solvent extraction process.
Soy protein concentrate is the clean dehulled soybean seeds that have had most of the oil and water soluble non-protein constituents removed.
The soybean is a leguminous plant similar to the lentil.
Soybean hulls consist primarily of the outer covering of the soybean.
Soybean meal is the product obtained by grinding the flakes which remain after removal of most of the oil from soybeans by a solvent or mechanical extraction process.
Soybean mill run is composed of soybean hulls and such bean meats that adhere to the hulls which results from normal milling operations in the production of dehulled soybean meal.
Soybean Oil is made from Soybean, a legume first used by Chinese farmers in the fifteenth century as a healthy and nutritious food source for their families. 75% of all cooking oils are soybean oil.
Spearmint is a species of mint native to central and southern Europe. It is a herbaceous perennial plant. Spearmint is used as a flavoring.
Spinach
Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) is an annual flowering plant in the family of Amaranthaceae. Spinach is a rich source of a plethora of nutrients including calcium, iron, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin K, magnesium, folic acid, and several vital antioxidants.
Spirulina
Spirulina is a blue-green algae that grows on the surface of alkaline lakes. It is one of the oldest plants on the planet. Algae are associated with providing therapeutic as well as nutritional value. Spirulina contains B-complex vitamins, beta-carotene, gamma-linolenic acid, iron and protein. Health benefits have been associated with improving immunity and increasing beneficial bacteria in the intestine for colon track health.
Spray dried chicken liver is a dried flavoring ingredient made from a broth containing chicken liver.
Spring water is water from a naturally filtered source which has been labeled for human consumption. Spring water comes from an underground formation from which water flows naturally to the earth's surface.
Starch is a white, granular polymer of plant origin. It is the principal part of seed endosperm.
Steamed bone meal is the dried and ground product sterilized by cooking undecomposed bones with steam under pressure. Grease, gelatin and meat fiber may or may not be removed.
Streptococcus thermophilus
Streptococcus thermophilus is a beneficial bacteria is used to ferment milk into yogurt. This species of bacteria ferments or breaks down lactose (milk sugar), causing yogurt to have a slightly tangy taste. Live yogurt cultures may have positive actions in the gut where they function as a probitoic.
The term sugar means sucrose. Commercially produced table sugar comes either from sugar cane or from sugar beets.
Sunflower Oil
Oil obtained from processing sunflower seeds. It is an excellent source of Omega 6 fatty acids also containing 62-70% linoleic acid. Omega 6 fatty acids are associated with coat and skin health. Sunflower oil used in BLUE dog and cat foods are naturally stabilized with Natural Mixed Tocopherols (a source of Vitamin E) to provide freshness.
The sunflower seed is the seed of the sunflower.In addition to linoleic acid, sunflower seeds are also an excellent source of dietary fiber, protein, Vitamin E, and minerals such as magnesium and selenium.
Sweet Potatoes
The sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is a native plant whose large, starchy, sweet tasting tuberous roots are a nutrient rich root vegetable. In some parts of the US, sweet potatoes are often referred to as yams; botanically, however, they are not true yams (which are native to Africa) nor are they a true potato. Sweet potatoes are most closely related to the magnolias and morning glories. Sweet potatoes are an excellent source of antioxidants such as Beta-Carotene, Vitamin A, Vitamin C and Vitamin E, as well as Potassium, Calcium, Iron and other vitamins and minerals. Sweet potatoes are a good source of natural dietary fiber, and add a healthy, sweet taste to the food. Sweet potatoes are considered the most nutritious vegetable due to its high Vitamin A and beta-carotene content.
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Tapioca
Tapioca, is an all natural ingredient that is extracted from the root of the cassava plant via a series of washing, peeling, grating, and drying steps, a process that removes any cyanogenic glycosides. It is a grain-free and gluten-free starch that is 98% digestible. There are no known allergies to tapioca, and many veterinary teaching hospitals incorporate tapioca rather than potato into their hypoallergenic, homemade recipes for food allergies and Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). Without some sort of natural starch as a binder, the ingredients in dry dog or cat foods do not hold together during the cooking process.
Taurine
Taurine is an essential amino acid for cats (and some breeds of dogs), which means that these pets cannot synthesize Taurine on their own; they lack the proper liver enzymes. Without sufficient levels, pets may develop eye and heart issues. Raw meat is the best source of taurine since cooking reduces the bioavailability – for this reason, all of our kibble and canned diets include a taurine supplement.
Thiamine Mononitrate
Thiamine (Vitamin B1) is a water soluble vitamin also known as thiamin or thiamine hydrochloride. Thiamine Mononitrate is required for normal functioning of all body cells, especially nerves and peristaltic movement in the GI tract. Vitamin B1 is involved in numerous body processes that break convert food into energy and strengthen heart muscle. Vitamin B1 deficiency may lead to weakness, GI disorders, and weight loss. Because this vitamin is water-soluble, excesses are excreted in the urine rather than stored, and a daily supply of the vitamin is necessary.
Threonine is an essential amino acid that must be supplied by the diet. Threonine is an important constituent of collagen, elastin, and enamel protein. It helps prevent fat build-up in the liver; helps the digestive and intestinal tracts function more smoothly, and assists metabolism and assimilation
Thyme is a genus of about 350 species of aromatic perennial herbs. Thyme is often used to flavor meats, soups and stews.
Titanium dioxide color is an artificial chemical coloring.
Toasted oats are oats that have been browned, dried, or parched by exposure to a fire, or to gas or electric heat.
Tomato
The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a plant in the Solanaceae or nightshade family. The tomato boasts several healthy nutrients including vitamin A, vitamin C, lycopene, and iron. The USDA classifies tomato as a vegetable, but it is actually a fruit.
Tomato Pomace
Tomato pomace is the mixture of tomato skins, pulp, and crushed seeds fruit that remains after the juicing process. Tomato pomace is a rich source of protein, fiber, iron, and lycopene; it aids in proper stool formation. Tomato pomace used by
Tricalcium Phosphate
Tricalcium Phosphate is a calcium salt of phosphoric acid. It is a balanced source of calcium and phosphorus, two necessary compounds for dogs and cats of all life stages.
Tuna
Tuna is an excellent source of protein and omega fatty acids that help skin and coat, aid in growth and the development of the nervous system.
Tuna meal is the clean, rendered (cooked down), dried ground tissue of undecomposed whole tuna or tuna cuttings, either or both, with or without the extraction of part of the oil.
Turkey
Turkey is the clean combination of flesh and skin (with or without accompanying bone), that comes from the parts or whole carcasses of turkey. Turkey is an excellent source of highly digestible, lean protein. Turkey is also a complete protein meaning it contains all essential amino acids.
Turkey broth is obtained by cooking turkey bones, parts, and/or muscle tissue. Turkey broth adds moisture and flavor to canned foods and is a good source of fat and protein.
Turkey By-Products are the rendered clean parts of carcasses of slaughtered poultry such as heads, feet, viscera, free from fecal content and foreign matter except in such trace amounts as might occur unavoidably in good factory practice.
Turkey Hearts
Turkey hearts are a nutrient-rich organ meat, and a good source of thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, Vitamin B6, phosphorus, iron, zinc, and most importantly, taurine.
Turkey Liver
Turkey liver is a very good source of lean protein. Our nutritious turkey liver is also rich in vitamins and minerals, including Thiamin, Manganese, Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Iron, Phosphorus, Zinc, Copper, and Selenium. These vitamins and minerals help provide complete and balanced nutrition for dogs and cats.
Turkey Meal
Dry, rendered or cooked ground clean whole turkey that is a high-quality protein source.
Turmeric
Turmeric is an herb associated with aiding digestion by helping to stimulate the flow of bile, which helps digest fat.
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Unrefined walnut oil is made from walnuts that are dried and then cold-pressed.
Walnut oil is high in polyunsaturated fats and Omega 6 fatty acids. It has a nutty flavor, but when heated, can become slightly bitter.
V
Valine is an essential amino acid obtained by hydrolysis of proteins. Valine cannot be synthesized by the body in amounts sufficient to meet physiological needs, so must be supplied by the diet. It is indispensable for growth and nitrogen balance and can be found in the largest quantities in fibrous protein. It is needed not only for protein synthesis but also for a sound immune system.
Vanilla is a flavoring derived from orchids in the genus Vanilla. Vanilla is a vine: it grows by climbing over some existing tree, pole, or other support. The part of the plant in which the distinctive flavor compounds are found is in the fruit, resulting from the pollination of the flower.
Vegetable oil is the product of vegetable origin obtained by extracting the oil from seeds or fruits which are processed for edible purposes. The source vegetables for this oil (and their nutrient properties) are unknown.
Venison
Venison is an iron rich alternative meat protein from the striated muscle (skeletal and cardiac) of farmed venison. Venison is a complete protein meaning it contains all essential amino acids and can be a healthy solution for pets with allergies to common proteins.
Venison Liver
Venison liver is a very good source of lean protein. Our nutritious venison liver is also rich in vitamins and minerals, including Thiamin, Manganese, Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Iron, Phosphorus, Zinc, Copper, and Selenium. These vitamins and minerals help provide complete and balanced nutrition for dogs and cats.
Venison Meal
Venison meal is the clean combination of the flesh and skin of venison with the moisture removed. Venison is an iron rich alternative meat protein with significant levels of essential amino acids and fatty acids to support your pet’s immune system. This unique protein can be a healthy solution for pets with allergies to common proteins. High quality, protein specific meals are simply a dried and more concentrated form of the meat, poultry or fish protein. It is important to make sure the meal is protein specific (Beef Meal, Lamb Meal), and not generic like Meat Meal or By-Product Meal which by definition can be any species of animal.
Viable Naturally Occurring Microorganisms are freeze-dried bacteria that are cultured in a laboratory and include Lactobacillus acidophillus, Lactobacillus casei, Bifidobacterium thermophilium and Enterococcus faecium fermentation product. These bacteria (similar to what's found in yogurt) are naturally occurring in the microflora of the hind gut of your pet.
Vitamin A Acetate
Vitamin A is a family of compounds that may also be referred to as retinol, retinal, retinyl, or retinoic acid. Carotenoids, specifically beta-carotene, are precursors (pro-vitamin A) from which the body may manufacture vitamin A. Vitamin A is essential for normal eyesight. This vitamin combines with a specialized protein in the retina of the eye that is necessary for night vision. Vitamin A also helps develop and maintain the cornea in the eye, all mucous membranes, the digestive tract, the urinary tract, the reproductive tract, the skin and the lungs. It is important for normal body growth and the formation of bones and soft tissue. This vitamin also helps support the immune system. Vitamin A is stored in the liver. Because excess dietary intake of pre-formed vitamin A can be toxic, diets that include liver must be properly balanced and formulated; AAFCO sets minimum and maximum dietary levels.
Vitamin B1 (thiamine) is a water soluble vitamin often in the form of thiamine monohydrate. It is required for normal functioning of all body cells, especially nerves. Vitamin B1 is involved in numerous body processes that break down carbohydrates, protein, and fat for energy and convert excess carbohydrate to fat for storage. Because this vitamin is water-soluble, excesses are excreted in the urine rather than stored, and a daily supply of the vitamin is necessary to maintain normal body processes.
Vitamin B12 Supplement
Vitamin B12 (also known as cobalamin or cyanocobalamin) is the largest, most complex, and most potent water-soluble compound essential to animals and microorganisms, such as probiotics. Vitamin B12 is necessary for food metabolism, DNA formation, and the prevention of anemia.
Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) is a water-soluble vitamin also known as riboflavin. It is essential for the normal release of energy from carbohydrate, protein and fat in food. Vitamin B2 is important for normal growth and development, the production of and regulation of certain hormones, and formation of red blood cells.
Niacin is a water soluble vitamin that is not stored in the body and excreted through the urine. Niacin functions in more than 50 body processes and is primarily important in the release of energy from carbohydrates. Niacin aids in the breakdown of carbohydrates, protein and fats, in the formation of red blood cells. The diversity of niacin's roles makes it essential for the supply of energy to and the maintenance of all body cells. It is an essential vitamin for a healthy nervous system and brain function.
Pantothenic acid (Vitamin B5) is a water-soluble vitamin essential in animal metabolism. Pantothenic acid participates in the release of energy from carbohydrates, fats and protein, aids in the utilization of vitamins. It helps in cell building and the development of the central nervous system, as well as helping the adrenal glands and building antibodies.
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)
Vitamin B6, also known as Pyridoxine Hydrochloride is a water-soluble organic compound that is an essential micronutrient for microorganisms and animals as it is needed to make DNA and participates in over 60 enzyme reactions. It is integrally involved in transport, synthesis, and breakdown of amino acids and carbohydrates. Vitamin B6 aids in the absorption of antibodies and red blood cells. The pyridoxine requirement of an animal is directly proportional to the level of protein in the diet and degree of stress. Pyridoxine is widespread in foods, with organ meats, fish, whole eggs, carrots, Brewer’s Yeast, and alfalfa providing rich sources.
Vitamin C
Vitamin C is also known as Ascorbic Acid. Vitamin C is a highly effective antioxidant that helps maintain a robust immune system, supports wound repair, and participates in nutrient metabolism. Vitamin C is also known for its role in neutralizing harmful free radicals. While dogs and cats can manufacture their own vitamin C, inclusion in the diet is beneficial especially during times of stress (gestation, lactation, weaning, travel, work), illness, or old age. Excess is excreted in the urine and not stored in the body.
Vitamin D3 Supplement
Vitamin D3 is a fat-soluble vitamin also known as cholecalciferol. It is the major active substance in Vitamin D and can only be obtained from non-vegan sources – D2 is the plant form and is not as efficiently used by the body. Its main function is to stimulate the absorption of calcium and phosphorus. This important vitamin aids in the formation of normal bones and teeth. It also aids in the maintenance of a healthy nerve and muscle system by regulating the level of calcium in the blood. Calcium is necessary for normal nerve transmission and muscle contraction (including the heartbeat), and the nerves and muscles depend on a constant supply of this mineral from the blood.
Vitamin E Supplement
Vitamin E is a fat-soluble group of 8 structurally distinct molecules known as tocopherols; they are potent antioxidants. In the body, it protects fat and Vitamin A from destruction by charged oxygen called free radicals. It functions to stabilize cell membranes and protect them from damage by air pollutants, particularly the cells in the tissues of the lungs and mouth. Vitamin E is known to help reproductive development and hormone production.
Menadione Sodium Bisulfite Complex – Currently the only AAFCO-approved, safe, and effective source of vitamin K activity for cat foods and treats.
W
Wheat is a grass that is cultivated worldwide. Globally, it is the most important human food grain and ranks second in total production behind corn.
Wheat bran is the coarse outer coating of the wheat kernel as separated from cleaned and scoured wheat in the usual process of commercial milling.
Wheat germ is the embryo of the wheat kernel separated in milling.
Wheat Germ Meal consists chiefly of wheat germ together with some bran and middlings or shorts. It must contain not less than 25% crude protein and 7% crude fat.
Wheat gluten is the tough, viscid nitrogenous substance remaining when wheat is washed to remove the starch.
An excellent source of dark green leafy vegetable nutrients. The grass is harvested when it reaches it's highest nutrient level and contains important vitamins, minerals, and fiber.
Whey Protein
Whey protein is the liquid portion that remains after whole cow’s milk is fermented into cheese (curds and whey). This nutritious source of protein is considered to have an ideal amino acid content & balance, making it a highly valued protein source.
White rice is the de-hulled rice kernel, without the bran.
Whitefish Meal is the dry rendered (cooked down) product from a combination of clean flesh and skin with or without accompanying bone, derived from the parts of whole whitefish.
Y
Yeast culture is the dried product composed of yeast and the media on which it is grown, dried in such a manner as to preserve the fermenting activity of the yeast.
Yeast Extract is the concentration of the solubles of mechanically ruptured cells of a selected strain of yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It may be dried or concentrated. It must contain not less than 9% crude protein.
Yellow Squash
Yellow Squash is rich in Vitamins A & C and calcium.
Yellow Zucchini
BLUE uses fresh, yellow zucchini. Very low in calories and a good source of Vitamin C and manganese.
Yogurt is the product resulting from the culturing of a mixture of milk and cream products with the lactic acid-producing bacteria, Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus. Other bacterial cultures and select strains of bacteria may also be used. Sweeteners, flavorings, and other ingredients may be added. There is no official definition of yogurt by AAFCO. Yogurt is a very good source of calcium, protein, potassium and magnesium. It can aid in bone growth and maintenance.
Yucca
Yucca Schidigera is a natural extract made entirely form the stem of the Yucca Schidigera Schidiger plant. Has been known to have anti-inflammatory effects on tendons and joint cartilage. Known to be beneficial for anemia, heart, skin, eyes, and protects against cancer.
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Zinc Amino Acid Complex
Zinc is an essential mineral important in maintaining healthy skin, hair and mucous membranes. It has antioxidant properties, maintains normal taste and sense of smell, aids in healing and promoting a healthy immune system, helps synthesize DNA and RNA and promotes normal growth and development.
Zinc Proteinate
Zinc is specially bonded (chelated) with amino acids to enhance absorption and assimilation. Zinc is critical to enzyme function for many of the body’s major metabolic pathways. For example, it affects the development of cartilage, blood, bone, keratin, and mammary glands. Wound healing and oxygen transfer also rely on zinc.
Zucchini is a summer squash of bushy growth with smooth, cylindrical, usually dark green fruits.